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Cytology and General Histology

Class at First Faculty of Medicine |
B81307

Syllabus

B81307 - CYTOLOGY AND GENERAL HISTOLOGY

Lectures

The Cell:

- Morphological and functional unit

- Structure and function of biologic membrane and cell membrane

- Membrane organelles (cell compartments) - structure and function

- The nucleus and its components

- Non - membrane cell organelles

- Cytoskeleton - structure, function

- Tissue specificity

- Cell inclusions - structure, function

- Specialisation of cell surface

- Exocytose, endocytose, trans-membrane transport

- The cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis

Tissues:

- Classification, basic structure and function

- Epithel - classification, structure, function

- Connective tissue - basic characterisation, extracellular matrix, its production, composition and functional significance o Cartilage - structure, function, classification o Bone - histogenesis, classification, structure, function o Dentin - structure, function

- Muscular tissue - o Characteristics of smooth and striated muscle o structure of muscle cells and fibres o ultrastructure of myofibrile o mechanisms of contraction

- Nerve tissue - o Neuron - structure, function; synapses - structure, function, regulatory function of neurotransmitters o Neuroglia - classification, structure, function o Nerve fibres and their envelopes (sheets)

- Blood - o composition and function of peripheral blood, blood corpuscles and plasma, o characteristics of blood corpuscles, structure, function o haematopoiesis - periods, stem and progenitor cells, regulation of haematopoiesis, detailed description of differentiation of blood corpuscles

Lymphatic system -

- lymphatic vessels, lymphatic organs

- principles of immunologic mechanisms, MMS

- lymphocytes, typology and function

Endocrine system -

- diencephalopituitary system, neurohumoral regulation

- endocrine glands, structure, function

- disseminated endocrine system

- autocrine, paracine, endocrine effect

Seminars and practical courses

Histological technique -

- Methods of cell and tissue studies

- Histological preparation (slice)

- Uptake, fixation, labelling, processing of samples

- Staining and dyes, basic and special methods used in histology

- Principles of histochemistry and immunohistochemistry

- Principles of electron microscopic techniques

- Section analysis

General histology -

- Epithelia - o characteristics, o classification, structure, function

- Connective tissue - cells and ECM o Visualisation of fibres o Visualisation of cells o Structure and function of different types of connective tissue

- Cartilage - structure, classification

- Bone - o Lamellar and fibrous bone o Intramembranous and endochondral ossification

- Blood - o Blood corpuscles o Production, staining and evaluation of blood smears o leukogramm (differential blood counting) o Bone marrow smears. morphology of developing blood elements

- Muscle tissue - skeletal muscle, myocardium, smooth muscle

- Nerve tissue - o methods in neurohistology o classification of neurons o CNS a PNS

Annotation

Processing of tissue samples for histological analysis; basic methods of histological dying; structure and function of human cell and its particular constituents; cell contacts and communication; microscopic and ultramicroscopic structure of tissues and their functional features; application of theoretical knowledge to analysis of preparations.