Syllabus
Detailed information about lectures, seminars and practicals are available at http://vyuka.lf3.cuni.cz/
Courses of the winter semester
Course 1 - Cell structure and heredity
Course 2 - Cell metabolism and specialisation
Courses of the summer semester
Course 3 - Cell signalling and immunity
Course 4 - Cell cycle and development
The following list of lectures sumarizes topics from which test questions are randomly generated (see Requirements for the exam):
Course 1 - Cell structure and heredity
History of Life on Earth
Structure of prokaryotic cell
Genetics of prokaryotes
Structure of eukaryotic cell, organelles
Composition of intracellular fluid, pH
Laboratory analytical methods
Basic building blocks of cells
Structure and properties of proteins
Protein functions
Cytoskeleton
Overview of tissues
Epithelial tissues I (classification)
Structure of nucleic acids
Genetic code, genes, genome
Structure and function of cell nucleus, chromatin
Chromosomal basis of heredity
Origin of genetic variability
Principles of heredity, Mendelian principles
Gene linkage
Variability and changes of genetic information, mutations I
Variability and changes of genetic information, mutations II
Genetic determination of sex
Monogenic traits and disorders
Gene interactions
Multifactorial, polygenic traits and disorders
Phenotypes, genotypes, population genetics
Cytogenetics I – numerical chromosomal abnormalities
Cytogenetics II – structural chromosomal aberrations
Differences from Mendelian heredity – imprinting, dynamic mutations
Methods of chromosomal study, postnatal and prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis
Genetics in medicine, genetic counselling, prevention and treatment of genetic disorders
Structure and function of membranes
Transport across membranes, membrane potential
Intracellular transport of substances
Extracellular matrix, cell adhesion and cell junctions
Biotechnology, gene manipulations and gene therapy
Special methods of histology to distinguish tissues and cells
Methods of protein analysis I
Course 2 - Cell metabolism and specialisation
What fuels our cells?
Chemical reactions in metabolism
Enzymes
Coenzymes, vitamins, trace elements
Inhibition of enzymes, use in farmacology
Mitochondria - structure and origin
Electron transport chain and ATP formation
Krebs cycle
Epithelial tissues II (glandular epithelium)
Epithelial tissues III (barriers, transport)
Degradation and synthesis of glucose
Pentose phosphate cycle, metabolism of fructose and galactose
Degradation of lipids, ketone bodies
Energy storage in cells
Muscle tissue
Cell motility and molecular motors
Metabolism of amino acids I.
Metabolism of amino acids II.
Metabolism of muscle cells, muscle contraction
Regulation of metabolic pathways at the cellular level
Energy metabolism - the overview
Morphology of blood elements
Hemopoesis
Biochemistry of erythrocytes
Iron and heme metabolism
Biochemistry of leukocytes, thrombocytes and hemocoagulation
Components of blood plasma and their functions
Connective tissue
Metabolism of connective tissue
Cartilage, bone and ossification
Enzymopathy - inherited metabolic disorders
Biochemical correlations of monogenic disorders
Newborn screening
Extreme situations in cells
Course 3 - Cell signalling and immunity
Extracellular signalling
Extracellular signalling molecules
Cells producing signalling molecules
Steroids and their blood transport
Metabolism of hormones
Signal transfer into cell, membrane receptors
Intracellular signalling and signal execution
Signalling pathways I
Signalling pathways II
Signalling pathways III
Endocrine signalization and its disorders
Nervous tissue, structure of synapse
Nutrients as signalling molecules
Transmission of the information in the NS - the synapse, action potential
Synthesis and degradation of neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters and their receptors
Receptors in pharmacology
Pharmacology of signalling molecules
Function of immune system, natural and adaptive immunity
Cells of nonspecific immunity, phagocytosis
Leukocytes - surface molecules, cytokines, antibodies
Complement system and inflammation
Eicosanoids and the pharmacology of inflammation
MHC molecules, antigens
Tissues and organs of the immune system
B and T cells Development
Immune reactions based on T cells and NK cells
Immune reactions based on B cells and antibodies
Methods of protein analysis II
Immunogenetics
Inherited disorders of immunity
Methods for testing immune response
Course 4 - Cell cycle and development
Cell Cycle
Regulation of cell cycle
Metabolism of nucleotides
DNA replication and reparation
Transcription and translation
Methods of DNA analysis I
Regulation of gene expression
Methods of DNA analysis II
Gametogenesis and fertilization
Cell differentiation and senescence
Apoptosis
Regulation of apoptosis
Blastogenesis, implantation, placenta
Notogenesis, neurulation
Embryonal development
Regulation of early development
Human reproductive genetics, preimplantation diagnosis
Developmental toxicology, pharmacotherapy during pregnancy
Renewal and repair
Stem cells, organ substitution
Biochemistry of ageing (ROS, glacation)
General toxicology
Biotransformation of xenobiotics
Pharmacogenetics
Mutagenes and carcinogenes in environment
Structure of viruses
Interactions of viruses with cell
Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes
Chromosomes and tumors
Cellular transformation and tumor cells
Oncogenetics, precancerous conditions and familial tumors
Principles of cancer therapy
Human genetics
Human epigenetics
Molecular and genetic mechanisms of evolution
Human evolution
Annotation
Module Cellular Basis of Medicine ("module Cell") consists of four courses - two in the winter semester and two in the summer semester: Course 1 - Cell structure and heredity (8 weeks), Course 2 - Cell metabolism and specialisation (7 weeks), Course 3 - Cell signalling and immunity (7 weeks), Course 4 - Cell cycle and development (8 weeks). The teaching in this module is carried out by the Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular biology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Medical Genetics and Department of Immunology and Clinical Biochemistry.