Syllabus
Questins for Surgical State Exam, study year 2022/2023 GENERAL SURGERY
1. Examination of a surgical patient.
2. Wounds - classification, healing, healing disorders, temporary and definitive treatment
3. Infections in surgery
4. Infectious diseases of the hand
5. Asepsis, antisepsis, disinfection, sterilization
6. Problems of nutrition in surgery
7. Preparing the patient for surgery. Surgical risk, preoperative examination. Informed consent.
8. Basic surgical procedures and surgical approaches.
9. Basic principles of postoperative care
10. Transfusion. Indications, application principles, complications
11. Postoperative complications – classification, prevention, diagnosis, therapy
12. Surgical wound complications
13. Thromboembolic disease
14. Nosocomial infections, basic principles of ATB treatment in surgery.
15. Crush syndrome, reperfusion syndrome, blast syndrome.
16. Shock, definition, classification, symptomatology, therapy
17. Sepsis and septic shock in surgical patients - definition, general principles of treatment
18. General principles of oncosurgery
19. Minimally invasive surgery
20. Transplant program, medical and ethical aspects of termination of resuscitation and resuscitation care, brain death
21. Polytrauma and multiple injuries, basic procedures in mass accidents (triage, trauma plan) SPECIAL SURGERY
1. Thyroid gland surgery
2. Primary and secondary lung tumours
3. Thoracic injuries
4. Inflammations and tumours of the mediastinum
5. Inflammations and tumours of the breast
6. External and internal hernias
7. Benign diseases of the oesophagus
8. Complications of gastric and duodenal ulcers.
9. Tumours of the oesophagus and stomach
10. Nonspecific intestinal inflammations (CN, UC)
11. Inflammatory diseases of the large intestine (diverticular disease, colitis)
12. Benign diseases of the anorectum
13. Colorectal cancer
14. Benign and malignant liver tumours
15. Injuries to the abdomen, liver and spleen
16. Cholecystolithiasis and its complications
17. Acute pancreatitis. Abscess, pancreatic necrosis
18. Chronic pancreatitis. Cysts and pseudocysts of the pancreas
19. Tumours of the pancreas
20. Benign and malignant diseases of the biliary tract.
21. Acute abdomen, definition, classification, differential diagnosis of abdominal pain according to abdominal quadrants.
22. Bleeding into the gastrointestinal tract
23. Acute appendicitis
24. Inflammatory acute abdomen
25. Bowel obstruction
26. Ischemic disease of the lower limbs, acute complications.
27. Acute situations in vascular surgery
28. Diabetic foot ORTHOPAEDICS
1. Investigation techniques in orthopaedics and traumatology – clinical, laboratory and imaging methods.
2. Developmental dysplasia of the hip joint.
3. Hip disorders in children exept of DDH – transient synovialitis, m. Legg-Calvé-Perthes, slipped capital femoral epiphysis.
4. Neuromuscular disorders in orthopaedics – birth trauma, cerebral palsy, poliomyelitis, peripheral nerve entrapment.
5. Orthopaedic foot disorders – clubfoot, hallux valgus.
6. Congenital and developmental spine disorders (scoliosis, Scheuermann disease, spondylarthritis.
7. Back pain – differential diagnosis.
8. Aseptic bone necrosis, enthesopathies
9. Non-specific and specific bone and joint infections – osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, tuberculosis.
10. Degenerative joint diseases and orthopaedic treatment – arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis (osteotomy, joint replacement)
11. Bone tumours - classification, diagnosis, treatment principles.
12. Non operative fracture treatment, physiotherapy, prosthetics, and orthotics.
13. Splinting technique, plaster of Paris, skeletal traction.
14. Operative fracture fixation and complications – infection, fixation failure.
15. Complications of fracture treatment – complex regional pain syndrome, delayed union, non-union, deformity, and its treatment – osteosynthesis, bone grafting, osteotomy.
16. Open fractures, treatment principles, complications – infection, compartment syndrome.
17. Spine and spinal cord injuries.
18. Shoulder injuries
19. Diaphyseal fractures of long bones
20. Fractures and dislocations around the elbow.
21. Fractures of forearm, wrist, and hand.
22. Pelvic and acetabular fractures.
23. Hip fractures.
24. Fractures around the knee – distal femoral fractures, patella, proximal tibia.
25. Soft-tissue injuries of the knee – ligaments, tendons, meniscal tears, chondral lesions.
26. Foot and ankle injuries.
27. Joint injuries – ligaments, intraarticular fractures.
28. Locomotion system injury in polytraumatized patient, associated injuries – team cooperation, diagnostics, treatment principles.
29. Trauma care in elderly – diagnosis, typical elderly fractures, treatment, social aspects. PAEDIATRIC SURGERY, PLASTIC SURGERY, BURN MEDICINE
1. Congenital acute abdomen – disorders of intestinal rotation, atresia of GIT, meconium ileus.
2. Acquired acute abdomen in childhood except appendicitis – necrotizing enterocolitis, intussusception, complications of Meckel’s diverticula.
3. Acute appendicitis in childhood.
4. Congenital pyloric stenosis, gastroesophageal reflux
5. Omphalocele, gastroschisis.
6. Abdominal hernia in children – inguinal, umbilical, femoral, epigastric.
7. Oesophageal atresia, diaphragmatic hernias.
8. Anorectal malformation. Hirschsprung´s disease, obstipation.
9. Posttraumatic growth disorders
10. Growth plate injuries – physeal and epiphyseal injuries, classification.
11. Typical fractures in children and its specifics.
12. Fracture classifications, fracture healing, fractures in children.
13. Non-operative treatment of fractures in children – reduction, fixation, traction.
14. Principles of fracture fixation in children.
15. Supracondylar humerus fracture in children, fractures, and dislocation around the elbow in childhood.
16. Forearm fractures in children, Monteggio´s lesion
17. Femoral fractures in children
18. Obstructive uropathy in children – hydronephrosis, ureterocoele, posterior urethral valves.
19. Vesico-ureteral reflux in children.
20. Disorders of testicular descent.
21. Acute scrotal pain in children.
22. Congenital abnormalities of the urinary bladder and urethra – bladder extrophy, epispadias, hypospadias.
23. Cavity trauma in childhood – CNS, parenchymatous and cavity organs.
24. Prehospital management, transportation, and emergency care of burn patient.
25. Factors determining the severity of burns, prognosis of burns.
26. Three phases of treatment of extensive burns.
27. Diagnosis of the depth and extent of thermal injury
28. Operative wound management in burns.
29. Pathological scarring – hypertrophic, keloid scars, the basics of diagnostics, prevention, and treatment.
30. Closure of defects – skin grafts, flaps (composition, transfer), examples of clinical application. Transplantation of composite tissues.
31. Pressure sores, postiradiation defects, chronic defects. Classification, treatment.
32. Facial injuries – simple, complex, with defect. Diagnosis and principles of urgent treatment.
33. Hand injury – simple, complex and with defect. Diagnostics and principles of urgent treatment, rehabilitation.
34. Amputation injury of fingers and hand, classification. Indications and contraindications of replantation, primary care, transport. Option of reconstruction and substitution.
35. Congenital malformations of the face, cleft lip and palate, principle, timing of surgical treatment.
36. Congenital malformations of the hand, principles, and timing of surgical treatment.
37. Skin tumours, diagnostics, and surgical treatment especially regarding facial region.
38. Reconstruction of acquired facial defects after injuries, in connection with different pathological degenerative diseases and after treatment of soft tissue tumours.
39. Aesthetic plastic surgery, dysmorphophobia. UROLOGY
1. Urological examination methods and surgical approaches in urology.
2. Radiology and ultrasonography in urology.
3. Haematuria, diagnostics, and differential diagnosis.
4. Disorders of micturition, clinical presentations, and differential diagnosis.
5. Renal colic, diagnostics, and differential diagnosis.
6. Derivation of urine.
7. Pyelo
Annotation
The aim of the subject: To pass the State Final Exam in Surgery. Before state exam students must get the creding after fulfilling 8 week practice and e-learning course.