Syllabus
Molecuar biology, cell biology: Nucleic acids, structure, types and function, gene structure, genetic code, properties of genetic code, replication, transcription, translation. Cell and cell structure, cell cycle, morphology and chromosome ultrastructure and function, cell division: mitosis, meiosis, spermiogenesis, oogenesis, fertilisation, abnormalities of division and fertilisation.- General genetics, Clinical genetics: basic genetic expressions, Mendel's principles, gene linkage, heredity of genetic diseases, inherited metabolic disorders, monogenic and polygenic autosomal and gonosomal heredity, polygenic heredity, examples of hereditary diseases, risks of hereditary diseases, calculations of risks.
Immunogenetics: heredity of blood groups, HLA antigens, genetic determination of antibodies formation. - Genotoxicology: Mutagenesis: types of mutations and mutations consequences, physical, chemical and biological mutagens. Carcinogenesis: cell cycle regulation, protooncogens, tumor suppressor genes-its role and concequences of mutations in this genes, chromosomal changes in tumors, carcinogens, relations between mutagenesis and carcinogenesis.
Teratogenesis: mechanisms of origin of fetal malformations, teratogens.- Population genetics: Hardy-Weinberg law, conditions for H.-W. equilibrium and its use in clinical genetics, factors disturbing H.-W. equilibrium. - Clinical cytogenetics: inborn chromosomal abnormalities numerical and structural, causes of chromosomal abnormalities origin, consequences of chromosomal abnormalities, indications for prenatal and postnatal chromosomal examinations, examples of the most frequent chromosomal abnormalities. - Genetic counselling, preconceptional and prenatal care, genealogy, cytogenetic and molecular genetic methods, prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis - methods, indications, ethic problems in genetics. - Ecology: basic ecological problems, influence of environmental factors on human health.
Annotation
The subject 'Biology and Genetics' is taught in the bachelor study program: Nutritional Therapy, full-time study in the first year. It presents Cell and Molecular biology, General and Clinical Genetics.