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Biophysics

Class at Second Faculty of Medicine |
DA01010332

Syllabus

Syllabus of Biophysics course 1st year of MD curriculum in general medicine follows:

Biomechanical properties of connective tissues

Harmonic motion (kinetics, dynamics, energy; Hooke's law)

Mechanics of solid body (elasticity, elastic properties, Young's modulus)

Ideal fluid Bernoulli's equation, equation of continuity, diffusion, osmosis

Real fluids and blood circulation (hydrodynamics of blood circulation, blood flow)

Viscosity of liquids and blood (laminar flow, Poiseuille's law, affecting factors)

Blood pressure and methods of its measurement

Mechanical oscillation, longitudinal and transverse oscillation, Fourier transform

Principle of sound propagation, speed of sound propagation, acoustic speed, acoustic pressure

Acoustic impedance, sound intensity, level of sound intensity, perception of intensity

Biophysics of the auditory apparatus, audible area (threshold of hearing, threshold of pain)

Infrasound, ultrasound; sources and effects on organism

Principles of diagnostic and therapeutical application of ultrasound

Propagation of ultrasound in the organism, behavior at the boundary

Ultrasonic examination methods Doppler sonography, shock waves, principle of lithotripsy

Electric field, electric current, effects of electric and magnetic field on organism

Magnetic field and comparison of a magnetic and electric fields

Interaction of magnetic field with living matter; magnetotherapy

Physiological effect of electric current; iontophoresis and galvanization, galvanism, electrostimulation, high-frequency electrosurgery

Nuclear magnetic resonance; principle, application, benefits

Electromagnetic spectrum, propagation of light, transmission, absorption, reflection

Quantum optic, photons, absorption and emission spectra

Magnifying glass, optical microscopy principle, telescopes, optical fibers

Eye as an optical system - physical characteristics optical eye defects and correction

Eye as a light detector, biophysics of vision

Color of light, perception and sensitivity

Atom structure

Forms of ionizing radiation, their origin X-ray (RTG) radiation, origin, properties and applications

Characteristics of X-rays, possibility of their modification

Natural and artificial sources of ionizing radiation

Fundamental principles of interaction of radiation with the environment Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter

Biological effects of ionizing radiation, radionuclides in medicine

Thermodynamic system, state quantities; internal energy, heat, work

First and second law of thermodynamics Entropy in living organisms

Measurement of temperature, thermometry, thermography, general types of thermometers, medical thermometers

Thermal well-being of an organism, regulation of temperature in the organism, hyperthermia and cryotherapy

Biophysical principle of energy transformation in the mitochondrial membrane

Biophysical basis of ATP synthesis at the ATP synthase

Structure of biomembranes

Laser – principle, characteristics and properties of a beam Application of laser radiation, lasers in medicine

Cytometry (flow cytotometry, cell-sorting, FACS)

Endoscopy principle

Optical microscopes (microscope for transmitted and incident light, phase contrast, polarization microscope, fluorescence microscope)

Electron microscope

Fluorescence spectroscopy (steady-state spectroscopy, quenching of fluorescence, lifetimes of the excited state, fluorescence polarization, fluorophores)

Principle of imaging methods based on ionizing radiation (RTG, PET, SPECT, CT)

Principle of imaging methods based on non-ionizing radiation (sonography, thermography, MRI)

Biosignals

Electrical manifestation of organism and their subsystems

Electrodes; artefacts Native record, provocation and stimulation

Biosignal processing and analysis; channel

Differential amplifiers and integrations of inputs

Electrocardiography Electroencephalography Cardiostimulation, defibrillation, electroconvulsive therapy

Tissue engineering principle and controlled drug delivery

Annotation

Physical background of biological processes. Interaction of physical fields and ionizing radiation with organism.

Basic medical instruments.