Syllabus
Syllabus of Biophysics course 1st year of MD curriculum in general medicine follows:
Biomechanical properties of connective tissues
Harmonic motion (kinetics, dynamics, energy; Hooke's law)
Mechanics of solid body (elasticity, elastic properties, Young's modulus)
Ideal fluid Bernoulli's equation, equation of continuity, diffusion, osmosis
Real fluids and blood circulation (hydrodynamics of blood circulation, blood flow)
Viscosity of liquids and blood (laminar flow, Poiseuille's law, affecting factors)
Blood pressure and methods of its measurement
Mechanical oscillation, longitudinal and transverse oscillation, Fourier transform
Principle of sound propagation, speed of sound propagation, acoustic speed, acoustic pressure
Acoustic impedance, sound intensity, level of sound intensity, perception of intensity
Biophysics of the auditory apparatus, audible area (threshold of hearing, threshold of pain)
Infrasound, ultrasound; sources and effects on organism
Principles of diagnostic and therapeutical application of ultrasound
Propagation of ultrasound in the organism, behavior at the boundary
Ultrasonic examination methods Doppler sonography, shock waves, principle of lithotripsy
Electric field, electric current, effects of electric and magnetic field on organism
Magnetic field and comparison of a magnetic and electric fields
Interaction of magnetic field with living matter; magnetotherapy
Physiological effect of electric current; iontophoresis and galvanization, galvanism, electrostimulation, high-frequency electrosurgery
Nuclear magnetic resonance; principle, application, benefits
Electromagnetic spectrum, propagation of light, transmission, absorption, reflection
Quantum optic, photons, absorption and emission spectra
Magnifying glass, optical microscopy principle, telescopes, optical fibers
Eye as an optical system - physical characteristics optical eye defects and correction
Eye as a light detector, biophysics of vision
Color of light, perception and sensitivity
Atom structure
Forms of ionizing radiation, their origin X-ray (RTG) radiation, origin, properties and applications
Characteristics of X-rays, possibility of their modification
Natural and artificial sources of ionizing radiation
Fundamental principles of interaction of radiation with the environment Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter
Biological effects of ionizing radiation, radionuclides in medicine
Thermodynamic system, state quantities; internal energy, heat, work
First and second law of thermodynamics Entropy in living organisms
Measurement of temperature, thermometry, thermography, general types of thermometers, medical thermometers
Thermal well-being of an organism, regulation of temperature in the organism, hyperthermia and cryotherapy
Biophysical principle of energy transformation in the mitochondrial membrane
Biophysical basis of ATP synthesis at the ATP synthase
Structure of biomembranes
Laser – principle, characteristics and properties of a beam Application of laser radiation, lasers in medicine
Cytometry (flow cytotometry, cell-sorting, FACS)
Endoscopy principle
Optical microscopes (microscope for transmitted and incident light, phase contrast, polarization microscope, fluorescence microscope)
Electron microscope
Fluorescence spectroscopy (steady-state spectroscopy, quenching of fluorescence, lifetimes of the excited state, fluorescence polarization, fluorophores)
Principle of imaging methods based on ionizing radiation (RTG, PET, SPECT, CT)
Principle of imaging methods based on non-ionizing radiation (sonography, thermography, MRI)
Biosignals
Electrical manifestation of organism and their subsystems
Electrodes; artefacts Native record, provocation and stimulation
Biosignal processing and analysis; channel
Differential amplifiers and integrations of inputs
Electrocardiography Electroencephalography Cardiostimulation, defibrillation, electroconvulsive therapy
Tissue engineering principle and controlled drug delivery
Annotation
Physical background of biological processes. Interaction of physical fields and ionizing radiation with organism.
Basic medical instruments.