Syllabus
Summary of the lectures - Embryology. General medicine 2nd year:
1. INTRODUCTION: Embryological terms. The ethical problems of Embryology. History of embryology. Blastogenesis. Fertilization and differentiation. Cleavage.
2. BLASTOGENESIS and GASTRULATION: Blastocyst, Implantation, Gastrulation. Origin of the first Germ layers. Notogenesis (development of notochord). The embryonic disc and its development. Mesoderm and development of somites. Mesenchyme.
3. FETAL MEMBRANES AND PLACENTA DEVELOPMENT: Amniotic sac expansion. Rotation of embryo. Amnion. Chorion. Placenta. Embryonic and fetal growth. Marks of the fetal maturity. Delivery.
4. NERVOUS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: Neural plate, groove and tube. Brain vesicles. Development of sense organs. The eye and inner ear.
5. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT I.: First embryonic and extraembryonic circulation. Development of major vessels. Aortal arches. Veins.
6. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. DEVELOPMENT II.: Heart loop. Septation of the atria and ventricles. Common cardial malformations.
7. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT I.: Delimitation of the yolk sac. Archenteron. Stomodeum. Branchial region. Teeth. Derivatives of the branchial clefts, pouches and arches. Development of Tongue.
8. DIGESTIVE and RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: Rotation of Intestine. Liver, Pancreas and Spleen Development. Respiratory passages and Lung Development.
9. URINARY SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: Pronephros. Mesonephros. Metanephros. Urinary passages. Cloaca.
10. GENITAL SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: Gonade. Wolffian and Müllerian ducts. External genital organs.
11. OROFACIAL REGION, SKULL and SKELETAL DEVELOPMENT: Nose. Olfactory organ.Upper and lower jaws development. Development of the secondary Palate. Cleft malformations. Axial skeleton. Extremities. Skull. Muscles and Skin Development. Summary of the practical sessions. Systematic histology. General medicine 2nd year:
1. Introduction: Revision. The rules of health security during the teaching process of Histology.
2. Digestive system I.: Oral cavity - Tongue (radix and dorsum liguae), Soft palate, Lip, Tooth development.
3. Digestive system II.: Oesophagus, Stomach, Duodenum, Small intestine, Colon, Appendix vermiformis.
4. Digestive system III.: Liver, Gall bladder, Salivary glands, Pancreas.
5. Respiratory system: Epiglottis, Trachea, Lung.
6. The TEST. Urinary system: Kidney, Ureter, Urinary bladder.
7. Male reproductive system: Testis, Epididymis, Prostate, Spermatic cord, Scrotum.
8. Female reproductive system I.: Ovary, Uterine tube, Uterus.
9. Female reproductive system II.: Pregnant uterus, Placenta, Umbilical cord, Vagina, Labia minora & majora.
10. Circulatory and lymphatic system: Myocard, Aorta, Femoral artery, Artery and Vein of the lower extremity, Vessels of various organs, Capillaries. Lymph node, Tonsils, Spleen, Thymus. Revision.
11. Endocrine system: Hypophysis, Suprarenal gland, Thyroid gland, Pancreas.
12. The TEST. Skin: Thick and thin type - Planta pedis, Axilla, Palpebra, Pinna, Mammary gland (inactive and lactating).
13. Nervous system: Spinal cord, Cerebellum, Cerebral cortex, Peripheral nerve, Myelin sheath, Sensitive nerve endings. Sensory organs demonstration.
14. Revision of the whole topic. Tooth development. Examination. COURSE CREDIT.
Annotation
Students will learn and understand how to describe the microscopic structure of various organs of human body. In the practical classes, the students will optical microscope for identification and description of histological slides.
Students will learn about the development of human body, starting with formation of gametes, fertilization, through early embryonic development, organogenesis, fetal growth, and finally up to birth. Students will learn about the main phases of development of individual organs and organ systems in order to understand the origin of the most common malformations.