Syllabus
Summary of the lectures - Embryology. Dental medicine 2nd year:
1. INTRODUCTION: Embryological terms. The ethical problems of Embryology. History of embryology. Blastogenesis. Fertilization and differentiation. Cleavage.
2. BLASTOGENESIS and GASTRULATION: Blastocyst, Implantation, Gastrulation. Origin of the first Germ layers. Notogenesis (development of notochord). The embryonic disc and its development. Mesoderm and development of somites. Mesenchyme.
3. FETAL MEMBRANES AND PLACENTA DEVELOPMENT: Amniotic sac expansion. Rotation of embryo. Amnion. Chorion. Placenta. Embryonic and fetal growth. Marks of the fetal maturity. Delivery.
4. NERVOUS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: Neural plate, groove and tube. Brain vesicles. Development of sense organs. The eye and inner ear.
5. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT I.: First embryonic and extraembryonic circulation. Development of major vessels. Aortal arches. Veins.
6. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. DEVELOPMENT II.: Heart loop. Septation of the atria and ventricles. Common cardial malformations.
7. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT I.: Delimitation of the yolk sac. Archenteron. Stomodeum. Branchial region. Teeth. Derivatives of the branchial clefts, pouches and arches. Development of Tongue.
8. DIGESTIVE and RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: Rotation of Intestine. Liver, Pancreas and Spleen Development. Respiratory passages and Lung Development.
9. URINARY SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: Pronephros. Mesonephros. Metanephros. Urinary passages. Cloaca.
10. GENITAL SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: Gonade. Wolffian and Müllerian ducts. External genital organs.
11. OROFACIAL REGION, SKULL and SKELETAL DEVELOPMENT: Nose. Olfactory organ.Upper and lower jaws development. Development of the secondary Palate. Cleft malformations. Axial skeleton. Extremities. Skull. Muscles and Skin Development.
12. Problem based lecture
13. Problem based lecture Summary of the practical sessions. Systematic histology.Dental medicine 2nd year. Winter term.
1. Introduction: Revision. The rules of health security during the teaching process of Histology.Oral cavity I.: tongue (radix linguae, dorsum linguae), soft palate, lip.2. Oral cavity II.: Tooth development. Histology of tooth tissues and periodontium. Large salivary glands: submandibular and sublingual gland, parotid gland.3. Digestive system I.: oesophagus, stomach, pancreas.4. Digestive system II.: duodenum, appendix vermiformis, liver, gall bladder5. Respiratory system: epiglottis, trachea, lung.Urinary system: kidney, ureter, urinary bladder.6. Male reproductive system: testis, epididymis, prostate, spermatic cord.7. Female reproductive system I.: ovary, uterine tube, uterus, pregnant uterus, placenta, umbilical cord, vagina.8. Cardiovascular system: myocard, aorta, artery and vein of the lower extremity, vessels of various organs, capillaries.9. Lymphatic vessels and organs: lymph node, tonsils, spleen, thymus.10. Endocrine system: hypophysis, suprarenal gland, thyroid gland.11. Nervous system: spinal cord, cerebellum, cerebral cortex, peripheral nerve, myelin sheath, sensitive nerve endings.12. Skin: Thick and thin type - planta pedis, axilla, eyelid, auricle, mammary gland (inactive and lactating).13. Demonstration of embryological samples.14. Revision of the whole topic. Examination. COURSE CREDIT TEST 1:
20.10 -
11.11. 2023TEST 2:
27.11. -
15.12. 2023TEST 3:
11.12. 2023 -
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1. 2024FINAL TEST: from
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1. 2024
Annotation
The students will learn and understand how to describe the microscopic structure of various organs of human body. In the practical classes, the students will optical microscope for identification and description of histological slides.
The students will learn about the development of human body, starting with formation of gametes, fertilization, through early embryonic development, organogenesis, fetal growth, and finally up to birth. The students will learn about the main phases of development of individual organs and organ systems in order to understand the origin of the most common malformations.