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Physiology I

Class at Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové |
FD10019

Syllabus

Lecturers

Prof. Michaela Adamcová, M.D., Ph.D.

Prof. Milan Holeček, M.D., Ph.D.

Assoc. Prof. Otto Kučera, M.D., Ph.D.

Assoc. Prof. Halka Lotková, M.D., Ph.D.    29. 9. 2021      Introduction to physiology (homeostasis and its regulation). (Adamcová 1)  29. 9. 2021      Body fluid compartments. Composition of body fluids.  (Adamcová 1)  29. 9. 2021      Function of blood. Physical constants of blood. Plasma.  (Adamcová 1)  6. 10. 2021      Red blood cells. Hemolysis. Sedimentation of red cells. (Adamcová 1)  6. 10. 2021      Haemoglobin. Regulation of red blood cell production - the role of erytropoietin. Essential substances required for erythropoiesis.  (Adamcová 1)  6. 10. 2021      White blood cells. Regulation of white cell production. (Adamcová 1) 14. 10. 2021     Blood groups, blood transfusion. (Adamcová 1) 14. 10. 2021     Hemostasis (vessel reaction, importance of platelets, blood clotting, anticlotting mechanisms, anticoagulant drugs). (Adamcová 2) 21. 10. 2021     Immunology. Clasification of immune mechanisms (non-specific defence mechanisms, specific immune mechanisms, humoral and cell-mediated). Interactions between non-specific and specific immune mechanisms. Ontogenesis of immunity. Vaccination and passive immunity. 

                        Inflammation, allergy, auto-immunity. (Kučera 3) 22. 10. 2021     Resting membrane potential. Action potential. All-or-nothing principle. Chronaxy. (Adamcová 1) 22. 10. 2021     Excitation, propagation of action potential. Degeneration and regeneration of nerves, elektroneurogram. (Adamcová 1) 22. 10. 2021     Synaptic transmission. Excitatory and inhibitory post-synaptic potentials. Pre-synaptic inhibition and facilitation. Summation and occlusion. Classification of neurotransmitters. (Adamcová 1) 29. 10. 2021     Contraction of skeletal muscle. Neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle. Energy source and metabolism of muscle contraction. Heat production in muscle. Excitation - contraction coupling. Muscle fatique. (Adamcová 1) 29. 10. 2021     Contraction and excitation of smooth muscle. Neuromuscular junctions of smooth muscle. Neural and hormonal control of smooth muscle contraction. (Adamcová 1) 29. 10. 2021     Spinal cord reflexes - proprioceptive stretch and tendon reflexes, exteroceptive reflexes, the role of muscle spindle and of gamma system, reciprocal innervation. (Holeček 1)      4. 11. 2021     Control of posture and movement - motor functions of spinal cord, cerebellum, basal ganglia, descendent part of reticular formation and brain. (Holeček 2)   4. 11. 2021     Autoconomic nervous system. (Holeček 1)   5. 11. 2021     Regulation of visceral function - the role of spinal cord, medulla oblongata, hypothalamus and limbic system in control of vegetative functions (vital centres, vomiting, hunger, thirst, sexual reactions, body temperature). Relation of hypthalamus to pituitary gland.  (Holeček 1)   5. 11. 2021     The reticular activating system, spontaneous and evoked electric brain activity (EEG and evoked potentials). (Holeček 1)   5. 11. 2021     Blood - brain barrier cerebrospinal fluid. Metabolism of the brain. (Holeček 1) 11. 11. 2021     CNS, inborn and acquired forms of behaviour, learning and memory. Emotion.  (Lotková 2) 11. 11. 2021     Specific characteristics of CNS in human (speech, hemispheric dominance, prefrontal lobes), types of personality. (Lotková 1) 18. 11. 2021     Action potential in cardiac muscle. Electrical and mechanical properties of cardiac muscle, conductive system. (Adamcová 1) 18. 11. 2021     Contraction of cardiac muscle. Excitation-contraction coupling. Homeostasis of calcium. Mechanical properties of heart, metabolism of cardiac muscle.  (Adamcová 1) 18. 11. 2021     The heart as a pump. The cardiac cycle. The main hemodynamic events associated with the cardiac cycle. Heart sounds. (Adamcová 1) 25. 11. 2021     ECG. (Adamcová 1) 25. 11. 2021     Cardiac output - method of measurment, regulation of output. (Adamcová 1) 25. 11. 2021     Dynamics of blood flow. Flow, pressure, and resistance. Laminar and turbulent flow. Poiseuille-Hagen formula. Criticial closing pressure. Law of Laplace. (Adamcová 1)   9. 12. 2021     Functional parts of circulation of vessel, function of endothelium. Production of interstitial fluid, lymph. (Adamcová 2)   9. 12. 2021     Local and systemic cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms. Cardiac innervation. The reflex mechanisms for maintaining normal arterial pressure. (Adamcová 1) 10. 12. 2021     Circulation through special regions (tooth pulp cerebral circulation, splanchnic, lung circulation, circulation of the skin, and of muscles). (Adamcová 2) 10. 12. 2021     Stimulus, receptor and generation potential, adaptation of receptors. (Adamcová 1) 16. 12. 2021     Vision. (Adamcová 2) 16. 12. 2021     Tactile sensation, perception of temperature and pain in the orofacial area. (Adamcová 1) 17. 12. 2021     Hearing and vestibular apparatus. (Adamcová 2) 17. 12. 2021     Smell and taste. (Adamcová 1)  

Practical courses & seminars

Lecturers

Prof. Michaela Adamcová, M.D., Ph.D.

Prof. Zuzana Červinková, M.D., Ph.D.

Prof. Milan Holeček, M.D., D.Sc.

Assoc. Prof. Otto Kučera, M.D., Ph.D.

Assoc. Prof. Halka Lotková, M.D., Ph.D.

David Rychtrmoc, M.D., Ph.D.

Pavla Staňková, Mgr., Ph.D.

Václav Šafka, M.D., Ph.D.

Tumisand Edward Maseko, M.D.

Moustafa Elkalaf, MBBCh, Ph.D.  

Seminars

Test (MCQ) and seminar - hematology and immunology.

Test (MCQ) and seminar -neurophysiology and myology.

Test (MCQ) and seminar - central nervous system.

Test (MCQ) and seminar - cardiovascular system.

Practical courses

Introduction to practical laboratories. Rules of safety work in laboratories. Rules of blood handling and blood sampling.

Packed cell volume (PCV - Hematocrit). Hemolysis. Testing of fragility of red blood cells.

Investigation of capillary resistance. Investigation of bleeding time. Determination of clotting time (Lee-White), APTT, prothrombin time.

Leukocytes - classification of white blood cells (differential count). Red blood cells sedimantation.

Testing for blood group and Rh factor.

Action potential (theory, case).

Neuromuscular transmission (theory, case).

Basic neurological examination - proprioceptive and exteroceptive reflexes.

Autonomic nerve system - the role in the regulation of cardiovascular system.

Physical examination of cardiovascular system. Determination of arterial blood pressure.

ECG I.

ECG II.

Physical examination of cardiovascular system. Determination of arterial blood pressure.

Harvard step test.

Principles of the examination of vision.

Principles of the examination of hearing. Investigation of vestibular function. Credit.  

Annotation

To gain a good theoretical knowledge in following fileds of medical physiology: regulation of body functions, haematology, immunology, general neurophysiology (transport of ions across cell membrane, resting membrane and action potential), myology, central nervous system (spinal cord reflexes, control of posture and movement, the autonomic nervous system, function of single parts of CNS, sleep and wakefulness, higher nervous functions), cardiovascular system. To gain basal practical skill in haematological laboratory examination, in physical examination of the cardiovascular system, and in investigation of sense functions.

Using computer simulation to demonstrate basic electro-physiological principles. To learn how to gain scientific information.