Syllabus
Lecturers
Prof. Michaela Adamcová, M.D., Ph.D.
Prof. Milan Holeček, M.D., Ph.D.
Assoc. Prof. Otto Kučera, M.D., Ph.D.
Assoc. Prof. Halka Lotková, M.D., Ph.D. 29. 9. 2021 Introduction to physiology (homeostasis and its regulation). (Adamcová 1) 29. 9. 2021 Body fluid compartments. Composition of body fluids. (Adamcová 1) 29. 9. 2021 Function of blood. Physical constants of blood. Plasma. (Adamcová 1) 6. 10. 2021 Red blood cells. Hemolysis. Sedimentation of red cells. (Adamcová 1) 6. 10. 2021 Haemoglobin. Regulation of red blood cell production - the role of erytropoietin. Essential substances required for erythropoiesis. (Adamcová 1) 6. 10. 2021 White blood cells. Regulation of white cell production. (Adamcová 1) 14. 10. 2021 Blood groups, blood transfusion. (Adamcová 1) 14. 10. 2021 Hemostasis (vessel reaction, importance of platelets, blood clotting, anticlotting mechanisms, anticoagulant drugs). (Adamcová 2) 21. 10. 2021 Immunology. Clasification of immune mechanisms (non-specific defence mechanisms, specific immune mechanisms, humoral and cell-mediated). Interactions between non-specific and specific immune mechanisms. Ontogenesis of immunity. Vaccination and passive immunity.
Inflammation, allergy, auto-immunity. (Kučera 3) 22. 10. 2021 Resting membrane potential. Action potential. All-or-nothing principle. Chronaxy. (Adamcová 1) 22. 10. 2021 Excitation, propagation of action potential. Degeneration and regeneration of nerves, elektroneurogram. (Adamcová 1) 22. 10. 2021 Synaptic transmission. Excitatory and inhibitory post-synaptic potentials. Pre-synaptic inhibition and facilitation. Summation and occlusion. Classification of neurotransmitters. (Adamcová 1) 29. 10. 2021 Contraction of skeletal muscle. Neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle. Energy source and metabolism of muscle contraction. Heat production in muscle. Excitation - contraction coupling. Muscle fatique. (Adamcová 1) 29. 10. 2021 Contraction and excitation of smooth muscle. Neuromuscular junctions of smooth muscle. Neural and hormonal control of smooth muscle contraction. (Adamcová 1) 29. 10. 2021 Spinal cord reflexes - proprioceptive stretch and tendon reflexes, exteroceptive reflexes, the role of muscle spindle and of gamma system, reciprocal innervation. (Holeček 1) 4. 11. 2021 Control of posture and movement - motor functions of spinal cord, cerebellum, basal ganglia, descendent part of reticular formation and brain. (Holeček 2) 4. 11. 2021 Autoconomic nervous system. (Holeček 1) 5. 11. 2021 Regulation of visceral function - the role of spinal cord, medulla oblongata, hypothalamus and limbic system in control of vegetative functions (vital centres, vomiting, hunger, thirst, sexual reactions, body temperature). Relation of hypthalamus to pituitary gland. (Holeček 1) 5. 11. 2021 The reticular activating system, spontaneous and evoked electric brain activity (EEG and evoked potentials). (Holeček 1) 5. 11. 2021 Blood - brain barrier cerebrospinal fluid. Metabolism of the brain. (Holeček 1) 11. 11. 2021 CNS, inborn and acquired forms of behaviour, learning and memory. Emotion. (Lotková 2) 11. 11. 2021 Specific characteristics of CNS in human (speech, hemispheric dominance, prefrontal lobes), types of personality. (Lotková 1) 18. 11. 2021 Action potential in cardiac muscle. Electrical and mechanical properties of cardiac muscle, conductive system. (Adamcová 1) 18. 11. 2021 Contraction of cardiac muscle. Excitation-contraction coupling. Homeostasis of calcium. Mechanical properties of heart, metabolism of cardiac muscle. (Adamcová 1) 18. 11. 2021 The heart as a pump. The cardiac cycle. The main hemodynamic events associated with the cardiac cycle. Heart sounds. (Adamcová 1) 25. 11. 2021 ECG. (Adamcová 1) 25. 11. 2021 Cardiac output - method of measurment, regulation of output. (Adamcová 1) 25. 11. 2021 Dynamics of blood flow. Flow, pressure, and resistance. Laminar and turbulent flow. Poiseuille-Hagen formula. Criticial closing pressure. Law of Laplace. (Adamcová 1) 9. 12. 2021 Functional parts of circulation of vessel, function of endothelium. Production of interstitial fluid, lymph. (Adamcová 2) 9. 12. 2021 Local and systemic cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms. Cardiac innervation. The reflex mechanisms for maintaining normal arterial pressure. (Adamcová 1) 10. 12. 2021 Circulation through special regions (tooth pulp cerebral circulation, splanchnic, lung circulation, circulation of the skin, and of muscles). (Adamcová 2) 10. 12. 2021 Stimulus, receptor and generation potential, adaptation of receptors. (Adamcová 1) 16. 12. 2021 Vision. (Adamcová 2) 16. 12. 2021 Tactile sensation, perception of temperature and pain in the orofacial area. (Adamcová 1) 17. 12. 2021 Hearing and vestibular apparatus. (Adamcová 2) 17. 12. 2021 Smell and taste. (Adamcová 1)
Practical courses & seminars
Lecturers
Prof. Michaela Adamcová, M.D., Ph.D.
Prof. Zuzana Červinková, M.D., Ph.D.
Prof. Milan Holeček, M.D., D.Sc.
Assoc. Prof. Otto Kučera, M.D., Ph.D.
Assoc. Prof. Halka Lotková, M.D., Ph.D.
David Rychtrmoc, M.D., Ph.D.
Pavla Staňková, Mgr., Ph.D.
Václav Šafka, M.D., Ph.D.
Tumisand Edward Maseko, M.D.
Moustafa Elkalaf, MBBCh, Ph.D.
Seminars
Test (MCQ) and seminar - hematology and immunology.
Test (MCQ) and seminar -neurophysiology and myology.
Test (MCQ) and seminar - central nervous system.
Test (MCQ) and seminar - cardiovascular system.
Practical courses
Introduction to practical laboratories. Rules of safety work in laboratories. Rules of blood handling and blood sampling.
Packed cell volume (PCV - Hematocrit). Hemolysis. Testing of fragility of red blood cells.
Investigation of capillary resistance. Investigation of bleeding time. Determination of clotting time (Lee-White), APTT, prothrombin time.
Leukocytes - classification of white blood cells (differential count). Red blood cells sedimantation.
Testing for blood group and Rh factor.
Action potential (theory, case).
Neuromuscular transmission (theory, case).
Basic neurological examination - proprioceptive and exteroceptive reflexes.
Autonomic nerve system - the role in the regulation of cardiovascular system.
Physical examination of cardiovascular system. Determination of arterial blood pressure.
ECG I.
ECG II.
Physical examination of cardiovascular system. Determination of arterial blood pressure.
Harvard step test.
Principles of the examination of vision.
Principles of the examination of hearing. Investigation of vestibular function. Credit.
Annotation
To gain a good theoretical knowledge in following fileds of medical physiology: regulation of body functions, haematology, immunology, general neurophysiology (transport of ions across cell membrane, resting membrane and action potential), myology, central nervous system (spinal cord reflexes, control of posture and movement, the autonomic nervous system, function of single parts of CNS, sleep and wakefulness, higher nervous functions), cardiovascular system. To gain basal practical skill in haematological laboratory examination, in physical examination of the cardiovascular system, and in investigation of sense functions.
Using computer simulation to demonstrate basic electro-physiological principles. To learn how to gain scientific information.