Syllabus
Introduction, development of pharmacognosy, basic concepts, position of pharmacognosy in the system of pharmaceutical disciplines, European Pharmacopoeia.
Primary metabolites of plants and their pharmacognostic significance.
Secondary metabolites: Terpenoids I - substances derived from mevalonic acid, biogenesis: basic classification, monoterpenes, iridoids, sesquiterpenes.
Secondary metabolites: Terpenoids II - substances derived from mevalonic acid: diterpenes, triterpenes, steroids, saponins, cardioactive glycosides, tetraterpenes, polyterpenes.
Secondary metabolites: Polyketides: aliphatic (fats, oils, waxes), aromatic (anthraquinone and dianthrone derivatives). Phloroglucinol derivatives. Cannabinoids.
Secondary metabolites: Shikimates: biogenesis, classification: phenylpropanoids, lignans, coumarins, benzoic acid derivatives, simple phenols, simple naphthoquinones.
Secondary metabolites: Shikimates with participation of the polyketide pathway: flavonoids, flavonolignans, tannins, arylalkanones, stilbenes, xanthones.
Secondary metabolites: Alkaloids I: biogenesis, basic classification, alkaloids derived from ornithine, lysine, aspartic acid, tyrosine.
Secondary metabolites: Alkaloids II: alkaloids derived from tryptophan, anthranilic acid. Alkaloids and pseudoalkaloids arising from transamination reactions. Xanthine derivatives. Glucosinolates, cyanogenic glycosides, betalaines, sulfur compounds.
Introduction to phytotherapeutic system.
Topical medications.
Excipients of natural origin.
Vitamins.
Annotation
The subject provides students with information about therapeutics of natural origin (plants, microorganisms, animals products) in the term of knowledge of chemical structures of active substances, their biosynthesis, possibilities of their technological obtaining as well as therapeutic applications in human and veterinary medicine.