Syllabus
This course provides an overview of Roman law laying the foundations for the study at the Faculty of Law. For this reason we do not discuss criminal law; organization of the administration of the Roman state are presented merely from the perspective of the sources of law and its application.
The course begins with an introduction to the sources of Roman law and Roman state constitution from the most ancient times up to the rule of Emperor Justinian. The main focus is on the legislation of people’s assemblies, the actions of a praetor and the creation of the empire constitutions. Development of the science of Roman law is also covered. Further the course deals with the codification of Roman law including the Code of the Twelve Tables, the Theodosian Code, the so-called Corpus iuris civilis (the Code of Justinian, Digesta, Institutiones). Private law constitutes the core of the course. The law of persons covers legal personality and legal capacity in the context of Roman law, family relationships and Roman matrimony. Real rights include the issues of property rights (including protection of such rights and the means of acquisition), possession and easements (servitutes, superficies, emphyteusis). In the law of obligations students are introduced to the general issues such as the creation, alteration, termination and securing of obligations and and the grounds for forming obligations. Contractual obligations cover the four basic groups (oral, literary, real and consensual agreements) as well as other contracts (innominate real contracts, quasi-contracts, and pacta). Obligations arising from delicts (such as theft, robbery, illegal damage to property of another, defamation or fraud) are also presented. Law of inheritance includes testamentary and intestate succession, as well as presentation of bequests and devises. In procedural law the attention focuses on all three types of private proceedings. At the end of the course so-called general disciplines are presented, and the main focus is on the essential elements of juridical acts. The role of Roman law in the European legal context (so-called reception of Roman law) with special focus on Italy and Germany forms an integral part of the course.
The course of Roman Law and the Foundations of Modern Private Law enables students become acquainted with the techniques of creation, application and operation of law using the example of Roman Law at the very beginning of their studies. In addition, it is a propaedeutic subject providing the students with the basic terminology and grounding primarily in private law.
Annotation
V rámci výuky tohoto předmětu je podán ucelený výklad o dějinách římského práva, tj. o jeho pramenech, státním zřízení antického Říma. Největší pozornost je soustředěna na vysvětlení jednotlivých institutů římského práva soukromého počínaje právem osob, přes právo věcné, obligace (ze smluv a z deliktů), dědické právo a římský soukromý proces.
Vyloženy jsou rovněž tzv. obecné nauky. Přednášeny jsou také další osudy římského práva v kontextu evropského právního vývoje.