Syllabus
Session 1. The historical dimension: is integration in European security and defense automatic?
Required readings:
Gordon, Philip H. 1997/98. “Europe’s Uncommon Foreign Policy.” International Security 22, 3: 74-100.
Mérand, Frédéric. 2010. “Pierre Bourdieu and the Birth of European Defense.” Security Studies 19: 342– 374.
Rosato, Sebastian. 2011. “Europe’s Troubles: Power Politics and the State of the European Project.” International Security 35: 45–86.
Further readings, in case this topic interests you:
Monnet, Jean. 1963. “A Ferment of Change.” Journal of Common Market Studies 1, 3: 203-211.
Mearsheimer, John. 1990. “Back to the Future: Instability in Europe after the Cold War,” International Security 15, 1: 5-56.
“Correspondence: Back to the Future Part II.” International Security 15, 2: 191-199.
Kupchan, Charles A. and Clifford A. Kupchan. 1991. “Concerts, Collective Security, and the Future of Europe.” International Security 16, 1: 114-161.
Burgess, J. Peter. 2009. “There is No European Security, Only European Securities.” Cooperation and Conflict 44, 3: 309-328.
Session 2. Who governs and how?
Required readings:
Riddervold, Marianne. 2016. “(Not) in the Hands of the Member States: How the European Commission Influences EU Security and Defence Policies: (Not) in the hands of the member states.” Journal of Common Market Studies 54: 353–369.
Lepgold, Joseph. 1998. “NATO’s Post-Cold War Collective Action Problem.” International Security 23:1: 78-106.
Rosén, G., 2015. “EU Confidential: The European Parliament’s Involvement in EU Security and Defence Policy: EU confidential.” Journal of Common Market Studies 53: 383–398.
Further readings, in case this topic interests you:
Barber, Tony. 2010. “The Appointments of Herman van Rompuy and Catherine Ashton.” Journal of Common Market Studies 48, Supplement: 55-67.
Delreux, Tom and Stephan Keukeleire. 2017. "Informal division of labour in EU foreign policy-making." Journal of European Public Policy 24, 10: 1471-1490.
Wallander, Celeste A. 2000. “Institutional Assets and Adaptability: NATO after the Cold War.” International Organization 54, 4: 705-35.
Wallander, Celeste A. and Robert O. Keohane. 1999. “Risk, Threat, and Security Institutions.” In Helga Haftendorn, Robert O. Keohane and Celeste A. Wallander, eds. Imperfect Unions. Security Institutions over Time and Space. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kupchan, Charles A. 2000. “In Defence of European Defence: An American Perspective.”Survival 42, 2: 16-32.
Howorth, Jolyon. 2012. “Decision-making in security and defense policy: Towards supranational intergovernmentalism?” Cooperation and Conflict 47: 433–453.
Amadio Viceré, Maria Giulia. 2021. "Informal Groupings in EU Foreign Policy: A Sustainable Arrangement?". Swedish Institute for European Policy Studies, European Policy Analysis. Stockholm, February.
Session 3. What power does the EU have?
Required readings:
Ariel, Jonathan and Yoram Haftel. 2021. “Mostly in its backyard: security provisions in EU economic agreements.” Journal of Common Market Studies https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jcms.13194
Posen, Barry R. 2006. “European Union Security and Defense Policy: Response to Unipolarity?” Security Studies 15, 2: 149-186.
Orenstein, Mitchell A. and R. Daniel Kelemen. 2017. “Trojan Horses in EU Foreign Policy: Europe’s Hybrid Foreign Policy.” Journal of Common Market Studies 55: 87–102.
Further readings, in case this topic interests you:
Meunier, Sophie and Milada A. Vachudova. 2018. “Liberal Intergovernmentalism, Illiberalism and the Potential Superpower of the European Union.” Journal of Common Market Studies 56: 1631–1647.
Toje, Asle. 2011. “The European Union as a Small Power.” Journal of Common Market Studies 49, 1: 43-60.
Moravcsik, Andrew. 2017. “Europe is Still a Superpower.” Foreign Policy https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/04/13/europe-is-still-a-superpower/
Daalder, Ivo and James Goldgeier. 2006. “Global NATO.” Foreign Affairs (September/October): 105-113.
Giegerich, Bastian and William Wallace. 2004. “Not Such a Soft Power: the External Deployment of European Forces.” Survival 46, 2: 163-182.
Friesendorf, Cornelius and Susan Penksa. 2008. “Militarized Law Enforcement in Peace Operations: EUFOR in Bosnia and Herzegovina.“ International Peacekeeping 15, 5: 677-694.
Novotná, Tereza, 2017. “The EU as a Global Actor: United We Stand, Divided We Fall.” Journal of Common Market Studies 55: 177–191.
Session 4. Russia’s invasions of Ukraine. Watershed moments or business as usual?
Required readings:
Duke, Simon and Carmen Gebhard. 2016. “The EU and NATO’s dilemmas with Russia and the prospects for deconfliction.” European Security 26, 3: 379-397.
Anghel, Veronica and Erik Jones. 2023. “Is Europe really forged through crisis? Pandemic EU and the Russia-Ukraine war.” Journal of European Public Policy 30, 4: 766-786.
Catherine Hoeffler, Stephanie Hofmann and Frédéric Mérand. Manuscript. “A Two-Sided Sword: How the War in Ukraine Could Strengthen European Security, but Not Necessarily the European Union’s Common Security and Defence Policy.”
Session 5. The EU’s self-portrayal over the years
Required readings:
European Council. 2003. “A Secure Europe in a Better World: European Security Strategy,” https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/30823/qc7809568enc.pdf.
European Council. 2008. “Report on the Implementation of the European Security Strategy: Providing Security in a Changing World.” https://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/reports/104630.pdf.
EEAS. 2016. “Shared Vision, Common Action: A Stronger Europe. A Global Strategy for the European Union’s Foreign and Security Policy.” https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files/eugs_review_web_0.pdf.
EEAS. 2019. “The European Union’s Global Strategy. Three Years on, Looking Forward.” https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files/eu_global_strategy_2019.pdf
EEAS. 2022. "A Strategic Compass for Security and Defence." https://www.eeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/strategic_compass_en3_web.pdf
Session 6. How can we situate the European security architecture in today’s world order?
Required readings:
Norloff, Carla and William C. Wohlforth. 2019. “Raison de l’hegemonie (The Hegemon’s Interest): Theory of the Costs and Benefits of Hegemony.” Security Studies 28: 422-450.
Reus-Smit, Christian. 2017. “Cultural Diversity and International Order.” International Organization 71, 4: 851-885.
Acharya, Amitav. 2017. “After liberal hegemony: the advent of a multiplex world order.” Ethics and International Affairs 31, 3: 271-285.
Further readings, in case this topic interests you:
Allan, Bentley B, Srdjan Vucetic, and Ted Hopf. 2018. “The distribution of identity and the future of the international order: China’s hegemonic prospects.” International Organization 72: 839-869.
Mead, Walter R. 2014. “The return of geopolitics.” Foreign Affairs.
Hurrell, Andrew. 2006. “Hegemony, liberalism and global order: what space for would-be great powers?” International Affairs 82, 1: 1-19.
Ruggie, John G. 1982. “International regimes, transactions, and change: embedded liberalism in the postwar economic order.” International Organization 36, 2: 379-415.
Payne, Anthony. 2008. “The G8 in a changing global economic order.” International Affairs 84, 3: 519-533.
Bull, Hedley. 1972. “International Law and International Order.” International Organization 26, 3: 583-588.
Held, David. 1995. Democracy and the Global Order. From the Modern State to Cosmopolitan Governance. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Twining, William. 2010. “Normative and legal pluralism: a global perspective.” Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law 20: 473-517.
Cox, Robert W. 1981. “Social Forces, States and World Orders: Beyond International Relations Theory.” Millennium - Journal of International Studies 10, 2: 126–155.
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Annotation
This is a guest course taught by professor Stephanie Hofmann (https://www.eui.eu/people?id=stephanie-claudia-hofmann) from the European University Institute in Florence, a leading European research and graduate education political science institution. It is a block course taught in November 2023, but students register in the standard registration period.
The transatlantic relationship is often considered to be at the core of the so-called liberal international order and European security. However, the post WWII order, in which institutions such as NATO and the ECSC/EEC/EU were created, arguably has not much to do with the global ordering that we experience today. The end of the Cold War, 9/11, isolationist and unilateral tendencies across US administrations, and the changing global power relations each have contributed to the debate over the nature and longevity of the global order “as we know/knew it.” And they have impacted policymakers’ understanding of uncertainties, risks and threats. In this course, we will focus on European attempts and successes of institutionalizing European security and defense cooperation. While this will be the main focus of the course, we will also examine the different ways through which scholars have made sense of global ordering and situate European security cooperation within this debate. To better understand how regional actors engage with global politics and changes, particular attention will be given to the EU and NATO, institutional developments, as well as capabilities and capacities.