Syllabus
Kapitolská muzea, Řím
Vatikánská muzea, Řím
Uffizi, Florencie
British museum, Londýn
National Gallery, Londýn
Musée du Louvre, Paříž
Prado, Madrid
Altes Museum v Berlíně
Glyptotéka a Altepinakotéka v Mnichově
Annotation
Lectures are focused on leading European museums and galleries. The aim is to present the circumstances of the founding of individual collections, the main donors, the director, the progress of the acquisition activity and their gradual access to the public.
The architectural appearance of the individual buildings that have undergone structural modifications during their existence will not be overlooked; attention will also be paid to the development of the nature of installation and presentation activities. The oldest public art collections include the Museum of History in Rome, opened in 1734 in the Palazzo Nuovo area of the Capitol.
A collection of ancient sculpture works was presented here. The British Museum in London was, on the contrary, established thanks to parliamentary support.
In addition to the numerous natural collections that have been gradually divorced, and eventually found backgrounds in its own Natural History Museum, the British Museum also boasts significant antique pieces, whether from the original collection of Charles Townley or a collection the original Feidi friezes and the Metop of the Athenian Parthenon, brought to England by Lord Elgin in 1802; also remarkable is the unique collection of antique vases gathered by Sir William Hamilton. History of the Uffizi Gallery in Florence is immensely interesting.
The origins of this art collection are firmly connected with the Medici family. After the extinction of the last male descendant of Giana Gaston de Medici († 1737), his sister Anna Maria Luisa proved her agreement - the so-called Family Pact approved by the new Grand Duke of Tuscany, Franz Stephen of Lorraine in 1737.
The aim of this agreement was to preserve the Medici collections in Florence is to the public and, above all, to prevent their exports outside the borders of Tuscany. Protecting works of art and preventing the export of ancient works from Rome and its surroundings were also celebrated by the Popes.
Klement XIV. In 1770 he decided to establish a museum, now referred to as the Vatican Museum, within the framework of the Papal Palace, where he directed numerous works of art that gradually increased the prestige of this papal collection.
During the 18th century, a number of originally royal or aristocratic collections were open to the public, including Dresden, Düsseldorf, and Kassel. For the reign of Empress Maria Theresa and Joseph II. the Habsburg collections were made available to the public in Vienna's Belvedere, where the works were transferred to the newly-built Museum of Art History (1872-1891) at the Ringstrasse.
An important chapter in the history of public museums is the Musée du Louvre in Paris.n connection with the consequences of the Great French Revolution, the original "royal collections" were transformed into collections of "art" belonging to the "French nation." During Napoleon's reign, he was Dominique Vivant Denon, the director of the Museum, whose aim was to create and present the most glamorous collection of art works from all over the world. As a result of Napoleon's campaign, unique artefacts came to Louvre.
After the fall of the Empire in 1815, a contradiction was struck between the idea of preserving a "comprehensive, centralized collection of the best examples of works of art and the rights of individual national states on their own cultural heritage that Napoleon's army captured. Despite the many works of art returned, the Louvre remained a leading museum institution and during the 19th century served as a model for many newly founded museums and galleries, including the Prada in Madrid, whose original royal collections were, besides the traditional Italian and Dutch masters, also concentrated on the "national" Spanish masters.
In 1824, the National Gallery in London was established, which was already designed as an exclusively galley architectural building. The Munich Glyptotheque, built in 1816, was designed as a museum object designed exclusively for the collection of antique works collected by the Bavarian Crown Prince Ludwig Bavarian.
Here, in the years 1826-1836, the construction of Pinakothek was completed by Lea von Klenz. In addition to the character of the individual collections and the shape of the exhibition buildings, the museum and gallery collections in the political and historical context will also be highlighted.