Syllabus
1. Basic concepts: argument, form, inference.
2. Aristotle's Organon: basic principles of Aristotelian syllogistic and epistemology.
3. Aristotle's concept of logic and science.
4. Aristotle's theory of concept and statement, logical square.
5. Aristotle's syllogistic - theory.
6. Aristotle's syllogistic - practicing examples.
7. Megara - Stoic school, connection with Aristotelian tradition, concept of logic and science.
8. Megara - Stoic school, hypothetical syllogism, construction of a logical system.
9. Propositional logic - practicing examples.
10. Scholastic logic.
11. Modern logic and the emergence of the epistemological tradition of the subject.
12. Modern logic - Bacon and his inductivism, Leibniz, the idea of blind knowledge.
13. Fege - the father of mathematical logic.
14. Comparison with Aristotelian logic, exercises, examples.
Annotation
Logic and epistemology are two interrelated fields. The basic terms of both disciplines will therefore be clarified together, against the background of historical interpretation. In it, students will learn about the development of these disciplines in the periods of antiquity, the Middle Ages, the modern age and the present. Emphasis will be placed on the existence of two lines of thought, which can be traced and distinguished in history, but also in the concept of these fields: Logic can be understood either in the Aristotelian, i.e. traditional sense, or in its connection with mathematics; In epistemology, on the other hand, we can either place emphasis on the cognized object or, conversely, on the cognizing subject.
However, the course will not focus on purely theoretical matters. On various examples, not only the student's logical thinking will be cultivated. In addition, these examples will make it possible to point out the discussed epistemological concepts and connections.