Syllabus
1. History of the subject, the role of plant anatomy in present-day plant biology. Characteristics of plant organisms.
2. Basic features of plant cells. Specific components of plant cell - plastids, vacuoles and cell wall.
3. Plant histology Classification of plant tissues. Meristems and their role in plant growth and development and their importance for plant-environment interactions. Permanent tissues - the structure and function of dermal, vascular and fundamental tissues. Parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma.
4. Structure of plant vegetative organs Internal structure of roots, leaves and stems.
5. Secondary plant body. Secondery thickening, secondary meristems.
6. Morphology of primary pant body Morphology of roots, root branching, types of roots, root metamorphoses. Morphology of stems, types of stems, stem branching, stem metamorphoses. Morphology of leaves, types of leaves, phylotaxis, leaf metamorphoses
7. Structure of generative organs Propagation of plants, alternation of generations (gametophyte and sporophyte) in bryophytes, pteridophytes and seed plants. Gymnosperms - structure of generative organs, formation of pollen, formation and structure of ovule, development of endosperm and egg cell. Pollination, fertilisation, development of embryo and seed. Angiosperms - structure and development of flower, types of flowers and inflorescences. Androeceum - types, arrangement, formation of pollen grains. Gyneceum - types, formation of ovules, development of embryo sac. Pollination, double fertilisation. Seeds, development and structure of embryo and endosperm. Germination of seeds. Types and development of fruits.
Annotation
Basic course on plant anatomy and morphology showing the principles of the structure of plant cells, tissues and organs (vegetative and generative). The relationships between structure and function, between structure and environment and the development of plant structure are emphasised.