Syllabus
Definition of ATB, history of ATB, division of ATB according to different context. Non-antibiotic use of antibiotics. Mechanisms of resistance to ATB.
Beta-lactams, beta-lactamases, beta-lactamase inhibitors.
Pharmacokinetics of antibiotics in human organism, therapeutic monitoring of ATB, terms describing the effect of antibiotics. PK / PD principles.
Another ATB inhibiting bacterial cell wall formation (glycopeptides). ATB damaging the cell membrane of bacteria (peptide and lipopeptide ATB, including polymyxins, aminoglycosides).
ATB acting on the level of nucleic acids (fluoroquinolones, rifamycins).
Pathophysiology and therapy of sepsis. Importance of bactericidal antibiotics.
ATB acting at the level of ribosomes (tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides and others).
Internship at the Microbiology Department (for applicants).
ATB inhibiting metabolic pathways (sulfonamides, trimethoprim, mupirocin, antituberculotics).
ATB damaging by non-specifically oxidation of bacteria (nitroimidazoles, nitrofuran derivatives).
Summary of antibiotic systematics.
Why are ATB drugs different from others. Epidemiology of resistance. ATB policy, ATB centers.
Legislative and ethical aspects of ATB treatment. Complicated development of new antibiotics.
Annotation
Antibiotics - significance, chemical structure, biosynthesis, mechanism of action and resistance
It is the aim of the course to provide information on the significance of antibiotics in modern mikrobiology. Infectious diseases are still responsible for up to 40 % of deaths worldwide, due mainly to an increasing resistance to chemotherapeutics, antibiotics in particular. In the course, antibiotics are classified according to their origin, chemical structure, mechanism of action and genetic control of antibiotic resistance and biochemical mechanisms of resistance. Attention is also paid to the biosynthesis of new, particularly hybrid antibiotics, by means of genetic engineering and combinatorial biochemistry.
References:
Grafe U.: Biochemie der Antibiotika, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg--Berlin--New York, 1992.
Strohl W.R. (ed.): Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Marcel Dekker, New York--Basel--Hong Kong, 1997.
Kleinkauf H. and von Dohren (eds.): Biotechnology, Volume 7, Products of Secondary Metabolism, VCH Verlagsgesselschat, Weinheim, 1997.
Ciba Foundation Symposium: Antibiotic Resistance: Origins, Evolution, Selection and Spread. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester--New
York--Weinheim--Brisbane--Singapore--Toronto, 1997.
Georgie W.A. Milne: Ashgate Handbook of Anti-infective Agents. An International Guide to 1600 Drugs in Current Use. Ashgate Publishing Limited, Aldershot, 2000.