Syllabus
1. Types of solvents: amphiprotic, aprotic, inert. Physicochemical properties of solvents.
2. Interaction between solvent and dissolved compounds, formation of solvated species, dissociation, association, formation of ion-associates.
3. Solvatation. Quantitative description of solvatation, examples of cation and anion solvatation, selective solvatation.
4. Ion-ion interactions and ion association, quantitative description of ion-pair formation, meaning of e, examples of utilization of ionic associates in analytical chemistry.
5. Calculation and meaning of activity coefficients in aqueous medium, activity coefficients of nonelectrolytes.
6. Phases equilibria, immiscible liquid phases, thermodynamical partition coefficient, adsorption on solid phase, adsorption isotherm.
7. Surface-active substances (tensides, surfactants), characterization, classification and utilization of tensides.
8. Protolytic equilibria in amphiprotic solvents, levelling effect of solvent.
9.Protolytic equilibria in aprotic solvents - homoconjugation, heteroconjugation, dissociation constant of acids and bases.
10. Influence of relative permitivity of media on protolytic equilibria. Ionisation and dissociation of acids and bases, total dissociation constant.
11. Acidity scale in non-aqueous medium. Acidity potential range, conventional scale pH*, Hammett acidity function H0.
Annotation
This lecture deals with basic aspects of analytical important chemical reactions in solution of solvents. This is made from point of view of equilibria and reaction rate of them.
Reaction in solution of solvents: properties of solvents, dissolution of substances, the solvatation, ionic assotiation. Equilibrium constants, activity coefficient.
Protolytic eqilibria in amphiprotic and aprotic solvents.