Syllabus
1. Definition of chemical sensor and its basic scheme: molecular/ionic selector, physical-chemical interaction, physical transducer (regulator). Comparison of properties of a physical (artificial) and biological (human) sensors. 2 .Basic parameters characterizing (chemical) sensors properties: static parameters - response, dynamic range, sensitivity, selectivity; dynamic parameters - response rate, time constant. 3. Sensors based on different physical-chemical principles - a survey:
- electrochemical sensors with liquid electrolyles (liquid-state sensors);
- solid-state elelectrochemical sensors;
- field effect transistor (FET) based sensors;
- electronic conductance sensors;
- calorimetric sensors;
- mass-sensitive sensors;
- optochemical/photochemical sensors. 3.1. Electrochemical sensors with liquid electrolytes:
Potentiometric sensors (ISE, coated wires), gas sensors (Severinghaus type, air-gap, potentiometric biosensors).
Amperometric sensors (wall-jet, thin-layer, tubular), gas sensors (Clark type, amperometric biosensors). Function of porous and nonporous membrane in chemical sensors 3.2. Electrochemical sensors with solid electrolytes:
ZrO2 sensors (lambda sensors, oxygen pump);
Sensors with proton conductors;
Solid-state sensors containing an active layer. 3.3. FET - based sensors:
Ion selective FET (ISFET);
Chemically selective FET (CHEMFET);
Work function sensors. 3.4. Electronic conductance sensors:
Metaloxide (SnO2) sensors (TGS, Figaro);
Chemiresistors (with inorganic active layer, with metalophtalocyanine layer, with conducting organic polymers);
Multisensors, electronic nose (pattern recognition analysis). 3.5. Calorimetric sensors:
Pelistors, pyroelectric sensors;
Heat conductivity based sensors. 3.6. Mass sensitive sensors (piezoelectric crystal / chemically sensitive layer): bulk acoustic wave - BAW (or quartz crystal microbalance, QCM);
Surface acoustic wave sensor (SAW), application in biosensors. 3.7. Optical sensors:
Sensors with optical fibers (optody).
Annotation
Overview of principles and designs of chemical sensors and biosensors. Definition of chemical sensor and its basic static and dynamic parameters.
Electrochemical sensors with liquid electrolyte. Solid-state electrochemical sensors.
Sensors based on measurement of electron conductivity. Calorimetric sensors.
Mass-sensitive sensors. FET sensors.
Optical sensors.