Syllabus
1. Terminology, terms and definitions. Knowledge of basic and general toxicilogy and chemical laws is necessary.
2. Bioavailability - toxicokinetic processes: absorption, transport, distribution, biotransformation, elimination; site of action.
3. Relationships between magnitude of a biological effect and concentration/dose (dose /concentration - response curves) and time. Relationships between chemical structure and biological activity.
4. Compartmental modelling and its use for quantitative evaluation of an exposure (clearance, area under curve, etc.)One- and two-compartmental models, calculation of kinetic parameters. Kinetics of the first and the zeroth order. Simulation of various routes of application.
5. Physiologically-based kinetic models. Simulation of physiological parameters of organisms and of physicochemical properties of an active chemical.
6. Mutual extrapolation of data obtained with various biological objects, extrapolation of data obtained with various routes of exposure, interupted exposure included.
7. Hazard and risk. Quantitative assessment of risk of exposure to chemicals: hazard identification, exposure measurement, dose(concentration )-response curve establishment, characterization of population exposed.Influence of the exposure to chemicals on environmental and human health.
Annotation
The lecture is intended for students of clinical and toxicological analysis (and possibly other candidates). The main aim is to give an introduction to toxicokinetics and pharmacokinetics, including revision and deepening of basic knowledge of general toxicology and physical chemistry.
The lecture discusses the basic toxicokinetic processes related to the availability of an active chemical organism. Basic concepts of toxicokinetics, single- and double-compartment models and kinetic simulation physiological models are used.
The necessary model calculations and their use are discussed at seminars.