Syllabus
Introduction (2 hours) Basics terms of physics. Motion, space and time in classical mechanics. Limits of validity of classical mechanics.
1. Mechanics of mass point (10 hours) Kinematics of mass point: mass point, movement and trajectory of mass point, straight uniform and non-uniform motion, curvilinear motion, circular motion. Dynamics of mass point: Newton's laws, addition and resolution of forces, inertial forces, forces acting by curvilinear motion, momentum, force impulse, work and energy, power.
2. Gravitational law (4 hours) Newton's gravitational law, Gravity, motion in Earth gravity and gravitational field.
3. Vibrations (8 hours) Un-damped vibrations, harmonic oscillator, energy of harmonic oscillator, mathematical and physical pendulum, damped and induced vibrations, superposition of vibrations.
4. Mechanics of mass point systems and rigid body (10 hours) Description of mass point systems and rigid body. Statics of rigid body: superposition of forces acting on rigid body, gravity centre, balance of rigid body. Kinematics and dynamics of rigid body: translation and rotation motion, kinetic energy of rigid body, moment of inertia, moment of momentum, friction.
5. Continuum mechanics (10 hours) Basic terms of continuum mechanics: deformation and stress, rate of deformation, balance and motion equations of continuum (outline). Deformation of solids: generalised Hooke's law, plastic deformation, ultimate strength. Fluid mechanics: hydrostatics, Archimedes and Pascal's laws, hydrodynamics, continuity equation, Bernoulli's equation, motion of viscous fluids, Poisseuille's and Stokes laws.
6. Wave mechanics (4 hours) Propagational longitudinal and transversal waves, interference of waves, standing waves, reflection of waves, Huygens principle, Doppler's phenomenon, wave equation, wave speed.
7. Introduction to the Einstein's special theory of relativity (STR) (4 hours) Postulates of STR, Lorentz transformation, kinematic consequences of Lorentz transformation: time dilatation, length contraction, transformation of velocity, relativistic momentum and energy.
Annotation
Basic principles of classical mechanics and their applications in particular systems: mechanics of point mass and the set of point masses, solid body mechanics. Newton's gravitation law, the movement in the Earth's field of gravity, continuum mechanics. Mechanics of liquids, vibrations and wave motion.
The course is scheduled for students of the Faculty of Sciences of Charles University.