Syllabus
Topics:
1. Nomenclature. Hantzsch-Widman system. Trivial names. Numbering of rings.
2. Synthesis of heterocyclic systems - 3 and 4 membered heterocycles.
3. Synthesis of heterocyclic systems - 5 membered heterocycles.
4. Synthesis of heterocyclic systems - 6 membered heterocycles.
5. Synthesis of heterocyclic systems - 6 heterocycles. containing other heteroatoms than nitrogen, 7 and more membered heterocycles. Discussed within each heterocyclic system listed above is:
6. Retrosynthetic analysis, principal methods of synthesis (historical, new, efectivity).
7. Nucleophilic and electrophilic substitution. Additions, cycloadditions, reactivity of small rings.
8. Photochemistry.
9. Rearrangements, keto-enol tautomerism.
10. Heterocycles as intermediates in synthetic methods.
11. Stability and reactivity of heterocycles, influence of pH.
12. Information on selected representative heterocycles.
13. Industrial chemistry of heterocycles.
14. Biological significance of heterocycles. Pharmacy, toxicity, medicines.
Annotation
The course deals with the chemistry of heterocycles.
Topics include: Systematic, common and trivial names of heterocyclic compounds, Hantzsch-Widman nomenclature system. Retrosynthetic analyses of individual heterocycles. Synthesis of 3 to 6-membered heterocyclic skeletons with one or two heteroatoms (same or different). Synthesis of benzoderivatives of selected heterocycles. Reactivity of heterocyclic rings, nucleophilic and electrofilic substitution. Addition and cycloaddition reactions. Reactivity of small rings (3 and 4 membered). Fotochemistry in heterocyclic chemistry. Molecular rearrangements. Synthetic methods involving heterocycles as intermediates. Stability and reactivity of heterocyclic compounds in acidic or basic media. Use of heterocycles, their importance in pharmaceutical chemistry.