Syllabus
Seismology and exploration seismic methods.
Seismic waves and their properties.
Principles of seismic wave registration.
The propagation of seismic waves - Fermat's principle and Snell's law. Refraction and reflection on a plane interface.
Attenuation and seismic wave energy.
Seismic velocities in rock material.
Refraction seismics. Head wave, apparent velocity, the medium with continuous increase in velocity, the hidden layer problem, carrying out a seismic refraction survey, field seismogram processing. Time-profiling method. Critical point method. Plus-minus method. Palmer's method - GRP. Time fields method. The time - term method.
Reflection seismics. Reflelected wave, normal move out, vrms. Huygen's principle, diffraction, the multiple reflection. Dipping reflector, migration. Carrying out a reflection survey. Interference systems. Seismic sources, principles of vibration methods. Common reflection point method. Vertical resolution. 3-D survey. Reflection seismics and the search for hydrocarbons. Stratigraphic seismics. Shallow reflection survey.
Annotation
The aim of the course Seismic Methods is to give principles of applied seismic methods. The main emphasis is focused to interpretation processes in refraction and reflection methods.