Syllabus
*
1. Introduction History of low temperature techniques. The role of low temperature technology in science and industry. *
2. Methods of low temperature production Properties of liquid refrigerants. Principles of liquefiers and cryogenerators and their design. Semiconductor cooling elements. Storage and transport of liquid refrigerants. *
3. Safety rules of handling with cryogenic devices. *
4. Design of cryogenic apparatus Thermal and mechanical properties of cryogenic materials. Materials and jointing methods (welding, soldering and sealing). Thermal insulation. Elements of vacuum techniques (vacuum pumps, valves, jointing elements, vacuum sensors, leak detectors). Thermal analysis of cryogenic devices. Design of cryostats and cryogenic apparatuses. *
5. Low temperature measurements and control Problems of physics in low temperature thermometry. International temperature scales. Gas and vapor thermometers. Resistance, diode, capacitance and thermoelectric temperature sensors. Electronic devices for low temperature sensors. Control of low temperatures. *
6. Use of superconductivity Superconducting magnetic facilities. Design of superconducting solenoids, current leads and switches. Superconducting thermal switches. *
7. Temperatures below 1 K Dilution refrigerators. Adiabatic and nuclear demagnetization refrigerators. Pomeranchuk cooling. Very low temperature thermometry.
Annotation
Facultative lecture which complets the introductory lecture "Low Temperature Physics" FPL 099. It concerns the problems of technics and technology of low temperature experiment.
Suitable for students of 1st and 2nd year of Mgr solid state physics study.