Syllabus
Role of the oceans in the climate system, their fundamentals and observed state. Equation of state and vertical stability.
Temperature and salinity of the sea waters - distribution physical quantities in the oceans. Heat and radiation balance, exchange with the atmosphere, heat transport.
Chemical characteristics of the oceans, the carbon cycle, oxygen in the oceans. Oceans circulation and its dynamics - eastern, western and equatorial currents, interaction with the atmosphere, Ekman layer, upwelling and downwelling, thermohaline circulation.
Annotation
Fundamentals and role of the oceans in the climate system, their climatology, vertical and horizontal distribution of physical quantities, dynamics of the oceans circulation.