Syllabus
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1. Basic equations of electromagnetic theory. - Electromagnetic origin of light, Maxwell equations, boundary conditions. - Wave equation, Helmoltz equation. Phase and group velocity of light. - Energy, intensity, radiation pressure and momentum of electromagnetic wave. *
2. Polarization of light. - Polarization ellipse, linear and circular polarization. Angular momentum of electromagnetic wave. - Propagation of light in anisotropic media. Polarization devices - polarizers, wave plates, polarization rotators. - Mathematical description of polarization - Jones vectors and matrices, Stokes parameters, Poincaré sphere. *
3. Instrumental optics. - Geometrical optics, light rays. Optical imaging by reflection and refraction on a spherical interface, mirrors, lenses. Ray transfer matrix analysis. Aberrations (monochromatic and chromatic). - Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction on slit, rectangular and spherical aperture; implications for a construction of optical instruments. Optical diffraction grating. - Optical imaging instruments (magnifier glasses, microscope, telescope). Spectral instruments - spectrometers (prism and grating) and interferometers. *
4. Light waves in absorbing medium. - Propagation of light in conductive medium, complex index of refraction. - Reflection and refraction of plane waves on interfaces, Fresnel formulae. - Kramers-Kronig dispersion relation. *
5. Introduction to theory of optical coherence. - Complex representation of monochromatic and polychromatic waves, Fourier transformation, complex analytical signal. Statistical optics, ergodicity principle. - Time coherence, correlation function, power spectrum, Wiener-Chinčin theorem. Spatial coherence. - Interference of partially coherent light, Michelson interferometer, Fourier spectrometers. - Partial polarization, coherence matrix, degree of polarization. *
6. Fourier optics. - Two-dimensional Fourier transformation, spatial frequencies. - Optical transfer function of imaging system, impulse response. - Optical computation of Fourier transform, spatial filtration. *
7. Gaussian beams and optical resonators. - Paraxial Helmholtz equation. Gaussian beam - complex amplitude, intensity, radius, divergence, wavefronts. Transformation of Gaussian beam by optical elements, transformation of terahertz waves, ABCD law. - Optical resonators - resonant frequencies, longitudinal and transversal modes. Losses in resonators. Boyd-Kogelnik stability diagram.
Annotation
Advanced course of optics which broadens knowledge gained in the basic course of optics.
Synopsis:
Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics, basic equations of electromagnetic theory, polarization of light, instrumental optics, light waves in absorbing medium, optical coherence, Fourier optics, Gaussian beams and optical resonators.