Beginning of the analytical philosophy of language (Frege, Russell, Carnap, early Wittgenstein)
Language and its use (late Wittgenstein)
Speech acts theory (Austin, Grice, Searle)
Semiotics (Peirce)
Structuralism (Saussure, Jakobson)
Metaphor (Lakoff and Johnson)
Post-analytical philosophy (Rorty, Davidson, Quine, Putnam)
Inferentialism (Brandom, Peregrin)
Non-analytical approaches (Merleau-Ponty, Derrida, ...)