Anotace
The aim of the course lies in opening the question: what constitutes the universality of the university. On the one hand, it will be about understanding the problems of the social sciences and their articulation, on the other hand, about understanding the social sciences as a problem. Who else than the teacher must know not only the particular fields, but also understand their limits and the ways of methodological objectification with which they work? The content of this course constists of topics:
1. What is "Europe"? What are the origins of Europe?
2. Practices and theories. Techne and physis. Greek geometry as a paradigm of scientific idealization and exactness.
3. Axiomatic construction of science: axiom, theorem, proof; concept-sentence-system. How to make the right definition?
4. The problem of tradition. Transformation of mathesis into doctrine: the birth of scientific disciplines and their problems.
5. A key change in the modern age: control of nature. Consciousness (conscientia) as the original ground for the phenomena. Cartesian method.
6. Distinction between natural and human sciences - characteristics of different methodological approaches.
7. The “divorce” between philosophy and science. Sciences and humanities. The problem of overspecialization.
8. Understanding and calculating knowledge; theory and technology; the problem of human objectification.
9. Loss of the universal ground for understanding. Phenomenology and analytical philosophy.
10. Crisis of sciences and sciences as a crisis. The crisis of Europe. Criticism and crisis.
11. Planetarization and globalization. Modern technology; cybernetics and management.