Syllabus
Témata obecné psychologie II:
Jazyk, řeč a význam
Jazyk a řeč – Percepce mluvené řeči
Jazyk a řeč – Čtení
Inteligence
Učení
Emoce
Tvořivost
Motivace
Vůle
Annotation
The aim of the course is to provide students with basic knowledge of general psychology. Knowledge is presented in a pluralistic manner, with the attempt to synthesize knowledge across various psychological approaches and paradigms. The following topics will be discussed within the subject:
1. language and speech: distinction between language and speech, levels of language and speech processes, functions of speech according to Buhler, Jakobson's diagram of the communication act, the concept of the relationship between speech and thought (Piaget, Vygotsky, Bruner), understanding of discourse and discursive in psychology, categories of meaning in psychology, types of signs, signs and symbols, denotative and connotative components of meaning;
2. language and speech - cognitive processes of auditory perception of speech and reading;
3. emotions: approaches in emotion research, social meaning of emotions (intercultural research, expression of emotions), classification of emotions (elements and dimensions), theory of emotions (James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, facial feedback hypothesis, Schachter-Singer, Arnoldová, Elis, Lazarus, evolutionary theory);
4. learning: habituation and sensitization, classical, instrumental and operant conditioning and the differences between them (Pavlov, Watson, Thorndike, Skinner), complex and social learning (Tolmann, Köhler, Piaget, Vygotsky, Bandura), influence of preconceptions in learning, relationship between learning and development (Piaget, behaviorism, Vygotsky);
5. intelligence: definition of intelligence, psychometric theories of intelligence (Spearman, Thurstone, Cattel and Horn), social theories of intelligence (Sternberg, Gardner, emotional intelligence), physiological theories of intelligence (Jung and Haier, Garlick), cognitive theories of intelligence (Das and Naglieri , Kaufman), the distribution of intelligence in the population, the Flynn effect, the heredity of intelligence (methods of research, the proportion of heredity depending on ontogeny and the social environment, heredity of the neurophysiological bases and correlates of intelligence), the influence of the environment on the development of intelligence and intellectual performance (stimulation, other factors, specialized programs), intelligence measurement (Binet and Simon, Therman, Wechsler, parameters of intelligence tests);
6. motivation: definition of motivation and motive, narrower and broader concepts, types of motives, phases of the motivational cycle, motivational conflicts, basic approaches to motivation: hedonistic, homeostatic, incentive, cognitive, activity, humanistic, systems of motivational dispositions in selected theories of motivation (McDoughall , Freud, Murray, Maslow, McClelland), performance motivation, performance needs, aspiration level, need for affiliation;
7. creativity: different types of definition of creativity, characteristics of a creative personality, stages of the creative process, being able to illustrate with examples, the relationship between intelligence and creativity, main theories of creativity: personality (psychoanalytic, humanistic, environmental), processual (associationist, cognitive and behavioral);
8. will: • definition of will (as a process and disposition), relations of will to motivation, emotions, cognition, free level of regulation and other types of regulation of activity, classification system of free properties (e.g. Klages's), basic approaches to will (physiological, behavioristic , phenomenological, psychoanalytic, activity), theories of the will and their representatives (James, Klages, Ach, Vygotský, Miller, Galanter, Pribram, Brichcín)