Část I

Ancient Egyptian Festivals: iconography, rituals and symbolism.

Course Summary
This course will provide students with the instruments to study the world of the ancient Egyptian festivals. This will be done with a multiple perspective methodological approach, that can take into account, and combine, the iconography of the festivals and their ritual development with their symbolic – ideological and socio-religious implications. The course will focus on a few targeted study-cases dated across the main phases of Egyptian history, namely the Old Kingdom (Third Millennium BC), the New Kingdom (second half of the Second Millennium BC) and the Graeco-Roman Period (centuries IV BC – V A.D.). These are also three historical periods in which our analysis can be based on abundant and diversified types of sources, ranging from the archeological – architectural evidence to the epigraphic and textual documents. Through the analysis of these study-cases students will learn how to investigate, methodologically, all the necessary sources of ancient Egyptian religion, but also how to enlarge the horizon of the analysis from a given phenomenon to the contiguous ones. A final written examination will be done to test the students course attendance and preparation.

Course Schedule
24.2. The Early Dynastic Period and Djoser.
3.3. Cancelled
10.3. The Sun Temple Niuserra: iconography and decoration, rituals and festivals.
17.3. The Egyptian festival: Sun temples, royal pyramids and the Abusir papyri.
24.3. Karnak, Luxor and the Opet Festival.
31.3. Hatshepsut and the Beautiful Feast of the Valley.
7.4. The Graeco-Roman Egypt and the Hathor cult.

Textbooks
1. Bell L, “The New Kingdom Divine Temples: The example of Luxor”, in: Shafer B.E. (ed.), Temples of Ancient Egypt, New York: Cornell University Press, 1997, pp. 127-184.
2. Bleeker C.J., Egyptian festivals. Enactment of religious Renewal, Leiden: Brill 1967
3. Coppens F., “Temple Festivals of the Ptolemaic and Graeco-Roman Period”, in: UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, 2009
4. Darnell J., “Festival of Opet”, in: UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, 2010
5. El-Sabban S., Temple Festival Calendars of Ancient Egypt, Liverpool 2000
6. M. Nuzzolo, “The Sed-Festival of Niuserra and the Fifth Dynasty Sun Temples”, in: Der Manuelian P., Schneider T. (eds.), Towards a New History of the Egyptian Old Kingdom. Perspectives on the Pyramid Age, Leiden: Brill, 2015, pp. 364-388.

About Massimiliano Nuzzolo:
Dr. Nuzzolo obtained his PhD in Egyptology in 2010 at L'Orientale University of Naples and in the same year he became co-director of the Italian archaeological expedition to the sun temple of Niuserra at Abu Ghurab, Egypt. From 2010 to 2012 he was post-doctoral fellow in Egyptian Archaeology at the University of Rome La Sapienza for a project on the exploitation of marble in Roman Egypt and in 2014 he got a fellowship at the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria, Egypt for a project on the topography of the city of Alexandria. In 2015 he became scientific member of the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology in Cairo (IFAO) and from 2016 to 2019 he has been “Research Associate in Egyptology” at the Czech Institute of Egyptology, Charles University, Prague, where has been directing a research project entitled "rise and development of the solar cult and architecture in ancient Egypt". Since March 2020 he is Assistant Professor of Egyptology at the Institute for Mediterranean and Oriental Cultures of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw, where he is director of the research project entitled “Sun Temples Project. Religious spaces, ideological patterns and social dynamics of constructing the sacred landscape in Third Millennium BC Egypt", funded by the National Research Center of Poland. Among his numerous publications, the most remarkable is certainly the one published here in Prague in 2019 entitled "The Fifth Dynasty Sun Temples. Kingship, Architectrue and Religion in Third Millennium BC Egypt", which covers extensively issues connected not only with the sun temples themselves, but also with the development of the religious and political thought of Egypt in its early formation stages of the Third MIllennium BC.

Část II (výuka i zkouška probíhá v ČJ)

Usir v proměnách věků

Vzhledem k tomu, že neexistuje uspokojivá ucelená monografie o Usirovi, jež by vyvážila obsahovou bohatost materiálu s teoreticky relevantním přístupem, je potřeba podklady poskládat z mozaiky textů. To jistě bude ztěžovat studium, nicméně texty jsou vybrány a poskládány za sebe tak, aby to dávalo smysl. Čtěte proto prosím literaturu v pořadí, v jakém je seřazena. Materiály jsem Vám do SIS nahrál ke každé otázce v zazipovaném souboru se všemi PDF, jež obsahuje vybrané pasáže ze všech zmiňovaných knih v doporučeném pořadí. Chronologická tabulka pochází z: Ian Shaw, ed., The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, s. 481–489; mapa: Miroslav Verner, Encyklopedie starověkého Egypta, Praha: Libri, 2007, s. 523–527.

1)    Usirova fyziognomie, usirovský mytologický cyklus a Texty pyramid [55 stran]
a.     Přehled základních charakteristik postavy boha Usira: John G. Griffiths, “Osiris,” in Lexikon der Ägyptologie, Bd. 4, ed. W. Helck, E. Otto, and W. Westendorf, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1983, cols. 623–633.
b.    Usirovský cyklus (z pramenů napříč egyptskou historií): Jan Assmann, The Search for God in Ancient Egypt, trans. D. Lorton, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2001, s. 123–147.
c.     Úvod k Textům pyramid: James P. Allen, ed., The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts, Second edition, Atlanta: SBL Press, 2015, s. 1, 5–12.
d.    Texty pyramid: Mark Smith, Following Osiris: Perspectives on the Osirian Afterlife from Four Millennia, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2017, sekce 3.2 (s. 114–117), 3.4 (s. 124–126), 3.6 (s. 133–136), 3.8.1 (s. 141–144), 3.11 (s. 161–165).

2)    Usir a rodinné vazby: Texty rakví, Kniha mrtvých, kult v Abydu [55 stran]
a.     Úvod k Textům rakví, Knize mrtvých: Erik Hornung, The Ancient Egyptian Books of the Afterlife, Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press, 1999, s. 7–12.
b.    Detailnější popis role Usira v korpusu Textů rakví (zejm. vztah otce a syna + popsat cyklický model): Harco Willems, Historical and Archaeological Aspects of Egyptian Funerary Culture: Religious Ideas and Ritual Practice in Middle Kingdom Elite Cemeteries, Leiden–Boston: Brill, 2014, s. 185–195.
c.     Vztah Textů pyramid a Textů rakví: Mark Smith, Following Osiris: Perspectives on the Osirian Afterlife from Four Millennia, Oxford–New York: Oxford University Press, 2017, sekce 4.7–4.8.4 (s. 190–197), 4.12 (s. 226–235), 4.13 (s. 235–238).
d.    Abydos: Ann Rosalie David, A Guide to Religious Ritual at Abydos, Warminster: Aris & Phillips, 1981, s. 121–125
e.     Překlad stély Ichernofreta: Miriam Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature: A Book of Readings. Vol. 1: The Old and Middle Kingdoms, Berkeley–Los Angeles –London: University of California Press, 1975, s. 123–125.

3)    Usir a slunce, thébské zádušní skladby + Serapis; Pozdní období: Usir+Apis (Serapis) [70 stran]
a.     Zádušní skladby Nové říše: John C. Darnell, The Ancient Egyptian Netherworld Books, Atlanta: SBL Press, 2018, s. 1–15, 33–48.
b.    Kniha bran (připravte si výklad jedné ze dvanácti bran v kontextu ilustrací – kterou si vyberete nechám na Vás s tím, že se Vás pak náhodně zeptám na některé motivy ze zbylých částí): Erik Hornung, The Ancient Egyptian Books of the Afterlife, Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press, 1999, s. 55–66 + ilustrace (John C. Darnell, The Ancient Egyptian Netherworld Books, Atlanta: SBL Press, 2018, s. 587–600).
c.     Usir a Re: Mark Smith, Following Osiris: Perspectives on the Osirian Afterlife from Four Millennia, Oxford–New York: Oxford University Press, 2017, sekce 5.7.1–2 (s. 300–305), 5.9.1 (s. 323–324), 5.12.1 (s. 331–334), 5.14 (s. 337), 5.16.1 (s. 345–346) + Erik Hornung, Conceptions of God in Ancient Egypt: The One and the Many, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1982, s. 93–96.
d.    Ptolemaiovské období a Serapis: Françoise Dunand and Christiane Zivie-Coche, Gods and Men in Egypt: 3000 BCE to 395 CE, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2004, s. 197–202, 214–221.