Abstract
Interleukin-33 is a newly recognized cytokine of the IL-1 family. Unlike its other members IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-18, interleukin-33 induces predominantly Th2-skewed immune responses.
In this context, the effects of IL-33 are mostly anti-inflammatory. However, depending on the actual cytokine and cellular milieu, IL-33 can promote both Th1 and Th2 immune reactions.
Most importantly for cardiology and cardiac surgery, IL-33 has emerged to represent the as yet unknown ligand of the orphan receptor ST2. Before the advent of IL-33, the ST2 receptor, currently recognized as the soluble one of its two isoforms, was considered to be an unfavorable prognostic marker in myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure and trauma/sepsis shock patients.
Now we know that IL-33, when bound to the cellular membrane-anchored ST2L isoform of the receptor, can have certain beneficial effects on the aforementioned conditions.10.1055/s-0030-1250436