While hitherto only the epigenetic refinement of man was practicabel, in the light of the decoded humane genome and the possibility of writing new genomes it gets cogitable to create re-programmed people, that is, to perfect not only single human beings, but the entire species of man. The essay examines the (literary) previous history of such fantasies of refinement and discusses her present significance as well as the current comments of poets referring to this imagination.