Abstract
This paper analyses the changing area of forests at different spatial levels (Czechia, Europe, the world) and in various time periods (since the Neolithic age, with an emphasis on the most recent trends). The paper confirms that Professor Mather’s “forest transition” theory – long-term decreases in the area of forests were replaced by gradual increase during the 19th and 20th centuries, particularly in marginal and naturally less-favoured areas – is valid for developed countries.
Reasons for this transition can be found primarily in the modernisation of agricultural and other technologies, but also in the introduction of new ecological policies. On the other hand, this “forest transition” has not yet taken place in most developing countries – deforestation is continuing or even accelerating in such places.