Historical review of Czech music in the European and global context. This review focuses mainly on the moments when Czech music has given new impetus for European musical art, especially the first important monuments of Czech music – two hymns which in its time had a function as anthem: Lord, Have Mercy (around 1050) and Saint Wenceslas (around 1250), medieval music contests, compositions by Guillaume de Machaut (secretary of Charles IV), music of Czech religious reformation, baroque and classicism until contemporary music.