Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles in sunscreens: focus on their safety and effectiveness

Abstract

Sunscreens are used to provide protection against adverse effects of ultraviolet (UV)B (290-320 nm) and UVA (320-400 nmk) radiation. According to the United States Food and Drug Administration, the protection factor against UVA should be at least one-third of the overall sun protection factor.

Keywords

• skin barrier
• TiO2
• ZnO
• nanoparticles
• physicochemical
• scattering