Abstract
Hypercalciuria is the most common metabolic abnormality that causes urolithiasis. The pathogenetic responsible for hypercalciuria include enhanced intestinal absorption of calcium, increased bone resorption and decreased renal reabsorption of calcium; the main dietary factors promoting hypercalciuria are high dietary sodium intake and protein-rich diet.
The pathophysiology of hypercalciuria and genetic factors behind idiopathic hypercalciuria are discussed. The simplified diagnostic approach to hypercalciuria is outlined herein, and available therapeutic interventions of proven efficacy in idiopathic hypercalciuria are presented as well.