Hepatic proteome sensitivity in rainbow trout after chronically exposed to a human pharmaceutical Verapamil
Abstract
Verapamil (VRP), a cardiovascular pharmaceutical widely distributed and persistent in aquatic environment, has the potential toxicity to fish and other aquatic organisms. However, the molecular mechanisms that lead to these toxic effects are not well known.
In the present study, proteomic analysis has been performed to investigate the protein patterns that are differentially expressed in liver of rainbow trout chronically exposed to sublethal concentrations of VRP (0.5, 27.0 and 270 μg/L) for 42 d. Two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled with MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry was employed to detect and identify the differentially expressed protein profiles and revealed marked alteration especially for proteins induced mechanisms against oxidative stress and adaptive changes in ion-transference regulation.