Abstract
The article summarises current pieces of knowledge concerning healing of bone defects in experimental and clinical practice. Chosen treatment of bone defects must respect physiological stages of healing.
Necrosis and resulting fibrosis are problems of large bone defects due to a lack of nutrients, especially oxygen in central part. Fresh autologous bone grafts are still considered as golden standard in bone defects treatment.
We have good clinical results with ß-tricalciumphosphate as a synthetic bone substitute. The next development leads to utilization of autologous mesenchymal stem cells combination and growth factors with bone substitutes.