Lactoferrin premedication reduced some myocardial impairment caused by catecholamine isoprenaline. These positive effects were likely to have been mediated by the positive inotropic effect of lactoferrin and by inhibition of ROS (reactive oxygen species) due to chelation of free iron.
The failure of lactoferrin to provide higher protection seems to be associated with the complexity of catecholamine cardiotoxicity and with its hydrophilic character.