Abstract
Composed as a diderotien dialogue, this article task is to situate the political thought by asking, on the one hand, if a thought of the politics inevitably has to proceed from an anthropology and if, on the other hand, it must be conceived as a philosophical anthropology or a political anthropology. Straightaway, this double question situates our investigation within the legacies of Hannah Arendt and Pierre Clastres.
And it is exactly in critically reading of the Occidentalism of Arendt's categories and of Clastres's limited conception of History - which still depends on the classical triad of Pre-historicity, A-historicity, and Historicity - that we attempt to show that even the "general political anthropology" that Clastres envisioned must be founded on a philosophical anthropology. Such a "philosophical" anthropology would not serve to negate scientific anthropology and its discoveries, but rather would renew in them a thought that searches for the ontological dimensions of human existence.