Abstract
Object of the paper is the relationship between Darwinism and nature protection in the context of discussion about ecologically noble savages. Main principles of the Darwin's theory of biological evolution are intrascpecific competition and interspecific competition.
Author argues that protectionist attitude to the nature can not be the part of the human nature shaped by the biological evolution. In the light of the theory of biological evolution are cooperation and altruism result of the selfish behavior of the individual organisms.
Special attention is devoted to the idea of ecologically noble savages. Author illustrates that indigenous peoples are not always protectionists.
The dichotomy of ecologically noble savages and ecologically pathological Euro-American civilization he found as false. It is not possible to work out typology of protectionist and non-protectionist cultures consistent with the typology of subsistence or societies.
Author concludes that protectionist attitude to the nature rises as a cultural phenomenon, but is necessary to build programs of the nature protection according to the human nature.