Abstract
The paper is focused on the grammatical structure of the (non)prepositional instrumental phrase in Czech. In the traditional instrumental nonprepositional phrases the preposition s ('with, by, using') occures in several specific types of contexts, such as mýt si ruce mýdlem x mýt si ruce s mýdlem, krájet chléb nožem x krájet chléb s nožem.
Here the preposition precedes the word denoting a tool or the way of preparation or processing. We concentrate on the phrases with an action verb in its head complemented by a word denoting human body or any of its parts.
We analyze the phrase structure, the specific grammatical conditions and the semantic conditions of constructing them as well. Besides, our research is based on the concept of antropocentrism in the natural languages as a central aspect of the cognitive linguistics view.