Distinguishing regional and local sources of pollution by trace metals and magnetic particles in fluvial sediments of the Morava River, Czech Republic
Abstract
Regional contamination of southern Moravia (SE part of the Czech Republic) by trace metals and magnetic particles during the twentieth century was quantified in fluvial sediments of the Morava River. The influence of local pollution sources on regional contamination of the river sediments and the effect of sampling site heterogeneity were studied in sediment profiles with different lithologies.
Hundreds of sediment samples were obtained from regulated channel banks and naturally inundated floodplains and proxy elemental analyses were carried out by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (ED XRF) and further calibrated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS). Magnetic susceptibility was determined as a proxy for industrial contamination.
The age model for the floodplain sediments was established from Cs-137 and Pb-210 dating. Trace metal contamination was assessed by establishing the lithological background values from floodplain profiles and calculating enrichment factors (EF) of trace metals (i.e.
Pb, Zn, Cu) and magnetic susceptibility for the entire study area. Channel sediments are unsuitable for the reconstruction of historical regional contamination due to their lithological heterogeneity and the "chaotic" influence of local sources of contamination, as well as the possibility of geochemical mobility of pollutants.
On the other hand, sediments from regulated river banks qualitatively reflected the actual, local contamination of the river system. This approach allowed us to distinguish the influence of local sources of contamination by comparison with more spatially averaged contamination signals from distal floodplain profiles.
The studied area is weakly contaminated (EF similar to 1-2), while individual sediment strata from regulated channel banks reflect local sources of contamination and contain up to several times higher concentrations of trace metals.