The text includes an overview of histopathological classifications of chronic hepatitis from the clinical perspective; we discuss the contribution of liver biopsy in the era of the development of non-invasive diagnostic methods for determining the degree of alteration of liver parenchyma (elastography in particular). Furthermore, the principles of modern therapy of the most common chronic viral hepatitis (i.e.
B and C) are summarized with emphasis on situations where the histopathological examination of liver tissue plays a role in the indication or affects the treatment schedule.