Nitrogen bubble detection after simulated dives in divers with patent foramen ovale. Is catheter closure indicated?

Abstract

The well documented fact of bubble formation and paradoxical embolization in divers with PFO after simulated dives was tested on a small study group. The results indicate higher risk of paradoxical embolization of bubbles in deeper dives with relatively shorter decompression procedure.

PFO screening should be recommended to all divers, further approach and indication to catheter closure is individual, simulated dives can test individual risk.

Keywords

• Patent foramen ovale
• decompression sickness
• simulated dive
• transcranial doppler sonography
• paradoxical embolism