Abstract
Seizures are involuntary contractions of muscles and groups of muscles. The cause of seizures is abnormal brain electrical activity, which can be caused by various conditions.
Seizures occur at least once in life in 10% of population. Conditions leading to the seizures can be intracranial (brain tumours, intracranial haemorrhage, ischemic stroke brain contusion, primary epilepsy) or extracranial (metabolic disorders, congenital metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, disorders of endocrine glands, diseases of liver or kidney, intoxications, withdrawal symptoms, psychogenic seizures, febrile seizures or eclampsia).
History which can show specific disease connected with seizures is an important part of diagnosis as well as physical examination, laboratory tests, CT, NMR and some special tests as EEG or lumbal punction. Therapy must be focused on therapy of the cause of seizures and underlying disease.
Symptomatic therapy involves application of anticonvulsive drugs and securing of vital signs.