Standard blood flow rates of cardiopulmonary bypass are adequate in awake on-pump cardiac surgery

Abstract

Standard blood flow rates for cardiopulmonary bypass have been assumed to be the same for awake cardiac surgery with thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) as for general anesthesia. However, compared with general anesthesia, awake cardiac surgery with epidural anesthesia may be associated with higher oxygen consumption and may result in lactic acidosis when standard blood flow rates were used.

The aim of our study was to investigate if standard blood flow rates are adequate in awake cardiac surgery.

Keywords

• Cardiac surgery
• Thoracic epidural anesthesia
• Cardiopulmonary bypass
• Oxygen consumption
• Oxygen delivery
• epidural-anesthesia
• oxygen-consumption
• general-anesthesia
• hyperlactatemia
• analgesia