Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder first appearing in early childhood and persisting at a rate of 60% until adulthood. ADHD etiology appears to be multifactorial as the coresponsible factors include genetic predisposition and external environment effects.
Disorder in the fronto-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit leads to executive (self-regulating) functions impairment and to basic clinical symptoms – inattention, hyperactivity and impulsiveness. Diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - DSM-IV or International Classification of Diseases - ICD-10).
Treatment makes use of psychostimulants and atomoxetin in combination with psychotherapeutic methods. Since paediatric neurologists are often the first medical specialists to examine children with ADHD, knowledge of the symptoms, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures can only upgrade correct care of those patients.