Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is characterized as a cluster of risk factors for athero-thrombotic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The main components of MS are intraabdominal adipose tissue distribution, impaired glucose metabolism, atherogenic dyslipidemia (low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia), and arterial hypertension.
Nowadays, hyperuricaemia, mild hyperhomocysteinaemia, liver steatosis, and sleep apnoe syndrome are linked to MS. In the MS etiology several mechanisms were shown to take part.
Among them genetic and environmental factors (low grade of physical activity, dietary factors, and aging) are the most important. Moreover, insulin resistance, chronic low-grade inflammation (both systemic and of adipose tissue), endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress play a role in pathogenesis of MS; however, their interactions have not been fully elucidated at present.
There are stated preventive and treatment modalities of MS and its individual component.