The inflammatory & neurodegenerative (I&ND) hypothesis of depression: leads for future research and new drug developments in depression

Abstract

Despite extensive research, the current theories on serotonergic dysfunctions and cortisol hypersecretion do not provide sufficient explanations for the nature of depression.

Keywords

• Depression
• Inflammation
• Cytokines
• Neurodegeneration
• Oxidative stress
• Nitrosative stress
• Tryptophan
• Serotonin
• IDO
• adult hippocampal neurogenesis
• chronic-fatigue-syndrome
• necrosis-factor-alpha
• treatment-resistant depression
• kynurenine pathway metabolism
• polyunsaturated fatty-acids
• general medical condition
• cell-adhesion molecules
• pituitary-adrenal axis
• acute-phase proteins